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Shloka 15

Jarā-Mṛtyu-anatikrama: Janaka–Pañcaśikha-saṃvāda

Aging and Death Cannot Be Overstepped

यदा तु गुणजालं तदव्यक्तात्मनि संक्षिपेत्‌ । तदा सह गुणैस्तैस्तु पजचविंशो विलीयते

yadā tu guṇajālaṃ tadavyaktātmani saṃkṣipet | tadā saha guṇais tais tu pañcaviṃśo vilīyate ||

Vasiṣṭha nói: “Khi một hành giả, nhờ uy lực của yoga, thu nhiếp toàn bộ mạng lưới các guṇa và dung nhập chúng trở lại vào tự thể vô hiển—tự nhiên nguyên sơ, không hiển lộ—thì cùng với sự tiêu dung của các guṇa ấy, nguyên lý thứ hai mươi lăm là Puruṣa cũng tan hòa vào Đại Ngã tối thượng. Theo cách nhìn này, ngay cả Puruṣa cũng có thể được gọi là ‘kṣara’, hữu hoại, vì được mô tả là tan nhập vào thực tại tối cao.”

यदाwhen
यदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
गुणजालम्the network/collection of qualities (gunas)
गुणजालम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुणजाल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अव्यक्तात्मनिin the Unmanifest (as its essence)
अव्यक्तात्मनि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअव्यक्तात्मन्
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
संक्षिपेत्should merge/contract (into)
संक्षिपेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootसं-क्षिप्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
सहtogether with
सह:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
गुणैःwith the qualities (gunas)
गुणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
तैःwith those
तैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
तुindeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
पञ्चविंशःthe twenty-fifth (principle)
पञ्चविंशः:
Karta
TypeAdjective (ordinal used substantively)
Rootपञ्चविंश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विलीयतेdissolves/merges
विलीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-ली
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada

वसिष्ठ उवाच

V
Vasiṣṭha
G
guṇas (sattva, rajas, tamas)
A
avyakta (unmanifest prakṛti)
P
Puruṣa (25th tattva)
P
Paramātman (Supreme Self, implied)

Educational Q&A

Liberation is described as a reversal of manifestation: the yogin withdraws the guṇas and their effects back into the unmanifest source (avyakta). With the guṇas dissolved, even the Sāṃkhya ‘twenty-fifth’ principle (Puruṣa) is spoken of as merging into the Supreme Self—highlighting a perspective in which all enumerated principles are transcended in the highest realization.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on liberation, Vasiṣṭha explains a yogic process of dissolution (laya): the manifested qualities (guṇas) are reabsorbed into the unmanifest root, and with that reabsorption the individual conscious principle (Puruṣa, as counted among tattvas) is said to merge into the supreme reality.