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Shloka 28

अव्यक्त-गुण-पुरुषविवेकः | Avyakta, Guṇas, and Discrimination of Puruṣa

अज्ञानवश वह अपनेमें सत्त्व, रज, तम-इन त्रिविध गुणों और धर्म, अर्थ एवं कामका अभिमान कर लेता है ।। प्रकृत्या55त्मानमेवात्मा एवं प्रविभजत्युत । स्वधाकारवषट्कारौ स्वाहाकारनमस्क्रिया:

ajñānavaśaḥ sa ātmany eva sattva-rajas-tamaḥ—iti trividha-guṇānāṃ ca dharma-artha-kāmānāṃ cābhimānaṃ karoti || prakṛtyā ātmānam evātmā evaṃ pravibhajaty uta | svadhākāra-vaṣaṭkārau svāhākāra-namaskriyāḥ ||

Vasiṣṭha nói: “Bị vô minh chi phối, con người chồng đặt lên Tự Ngã ba guṇa—sattva, rajas và tamas—và còn nhận dharma, của cải (artha) và khoái lạc (kāma) là ‘của ta’. Vì thế, do sức mạnh của prakṛti, cái ngã tự phân chia và tự gán nhãn theo nhiều cách—đồng nhất mình với những lời xướng nghi lễ như svadhā và vaṣaṭ, và với các hành vi như tiếng hô svāhā cùng việc đảnh lễ—lầm tưởng những vai trò và hành động hữu điều kiện ấy là Tự Ngã chân thật.”

प्रकृत्याby/through nature
प्रकृत्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकृति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
आत्मानम्the self
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
आत्माthe self (as agent)
आत्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवम्thus/in this way
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
प्रविभजतिdivides/apportions
प्रविभजति:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-भज्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
उतand/also (emphatic)
उत:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत
स्वधा-कारthe utterance/formula 'svadhā'
स्वधा-कार:
TypeNoun
Rootस्वधा + कार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वषट्-कारthe utterance/formula 'vaṣaṭ'
वषट्-कार:
TypeNoun
Rootवषट् + कार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वाहा-कारthe utterance/formula 'svāhā'
स्वाहा-कार:
TypeNoun
Rootस्वाहा + कार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नमस्-क्रियाact of salutation/obeisance
नमस्-क्रिया:
TypeNoun
Rootनमस् + क्रिया
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

वसिष्ठ उवाच

V
Vasiṣṭha
Ā
Ātman (Self)
P
Prakṛti
S
Sattva
R
Rajas
T
Tamas
D
Dharma
A
Artha
K
Kāma
S
Svadhā
V
Vaṣaṭ
S
Svāhā
N
Namaskriyā (salutation)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that ignorance makes one falsely identify the Self with nature’s guṇas and with life-goals (dharma, artha, kāma), and even with ritual roles and formulae. This egoic ‘I’ and ‘mine’ is a superimposition; liberation requires discerning the Self as distinct from prakṛti and its conditioned activities.

Vasiṣṭha is instructing about the inner cause of bondage: the mind, under prakṛti and ajñāna, fragments identity into many labels—ethical, economic, sensual, and ritual—thereby obscuring the true Self. The passage functions as a philosophical admonition within Śānti Parva’s teachings on peace and liberation.