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Shloka 53

Adhyātma–Adhibhūta–Adhidaivata Correspondences and the Triguṇa Lakṣaṇas (Śānti-parva 301)

युधिछिर उवाच कान्‌ स्वगात्रोद्धवान्‌ दोषान्‌ पश्यस्यमितविक्रम । एतन्मे संशयं कृत्स्नं वक्तुमहसि तत्त्वतः

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca kān svagātrodbhavān doṣān paśyasy amitavikrama | etan me saṁśayaṁ kṛtsnaṁ vaktum arhasi tattvataḥ ||

Yudhiṣṭhira thưa: “Bạch Tổ phụ, bậc dũng lực vô lượng! Người thấy những lỗi nào là do chính thân thể mình sinh ra? Xin Người nói cho con biết đúng như thật và trọn vẹn, để mọi nghi hoặc của con được giải tỏa.”

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
कान्which (ones)
कान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
स्वगात्रोद्भवान्arising from one’s own body
स्वगात्रोद्भवान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वगात्रोद्भव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
दोषान्faults/defects
दोषान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदोष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पश्यसिyou see
पश्यसि:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPresent, 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अमितविक्रमO one of immeasurable prowess
अमितविक्रम:
TypeNoun
Rootअमितविक्रम
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मेof me / my
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
संशयम्doubt
संशयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कृत्स्नम्entire/complete
कृत्स्नम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootकृत्स्न
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वक्तुम्to tell/speak
वक्तुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormTumun (infinitive)
अर्हसिyou should / you are able / you ought
अर्हसि:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent, 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तत्त्वतःin truth / truly / as it really is
तत्त्वतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्त्वतस्

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bhīṣma (implied by the address amitavikrama/pitāmaha)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames an ethical inquiry: Yudhiṣṭhira seeks a truthful, complete account of the ‘doṣas’ rooted in embodied existence—suggesting that moral struggle is tied to bodily impulses and limitations, and that clarity about these sources is necessary for self-governance and dharmic living.

In the Śānti Parva dialogue, Yudhiṣṭhira addresses the grandsire Bhīṣma and asks him to identify the defects that originate from one’s own body, requesting a thorough explanation to remove his doubt.