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Shloka 44

Adhyātma–Adhibhūta–Adhidaivata Correspondences and the Triguṇa Lakṣaṇas (Śānti-parva 301)

जननीषु च वर्तन्ते ये न सम्यग्‌ युधिष्ठिर । सदेवकेषु लोकेषु ये न वर्तन्ति मानवा:

jananīṣu ca vartante ye na samyag yudhiṣṭhira | sadevakeṣu lokeṣu ye na vartanti mānavāḥ |

Bhishma nói: “Hỡi Yudhishthira, những kẻ không cư xử đúng mực với mẹ mình, và cũng không hành xử phải đạo trong các cõi đời—kể cả những cõi có chư thiên—ắt rơi vào suy vong. Từ chính sự phân biệt ấy, nhờ đó người ta hiểu được số phận khốn cùng của kẻ ác, con cũng phải hiểu những nẻo sa đọa của kẻ tội lỗi, và nhận biết muôn đường sai khác của các hữu tình đã rơi vào loài súc sinh.”

जननीषुamong mothers
जननीषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootजननी
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वर्तन्तेbehave / conduct themselves
वर्तन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत् (वर्तते)
FormPresent, Atmanepada, Third, Plural
येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सम्यक्properly, rightly
सम्यक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्यक्
युधिष्ठिरO Yudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिर:
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सदेवकेषुin (worlds) together with the gods
सदेवकेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootस-देवक
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
लोकेषुin the worlds
लोकेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वर्तन्तिbehave / conduct themselves
वर्तन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत् (वर्तति)
FormPresent, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
मानवाःmen, human beings
मानवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमानव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
Y
Yudhishthira
M
mothers (jananī)
G
gods (deva)
W
worlds/realms (loka)
H
humans (mānava)
B
beings in animal births (tiryagyoni-prāṇin)

Educational Q&A

Proper conduct toward one’s mother (and, by extension, toward the divine order and the wider world) is a foundational dharmic duty. Neglect of such reverence and right behavior leads to degradation and painful destinies, including lower rebirths; understanding karma’s consequences should guide ethical living.

In the Shanti Parva, Bhishma continues instructing Yudhishthira on dharma after the war. Here he warns that those who fail in right conduct—especially toward mothers and within the god-ordered world—incur ruin, and he urges Yudhishthira to grasp the logic of karmic outcomes across human and animal realms.