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Shloka 23

Adhyātma–Adhibhūta–Adhidaivata Correspondences and the Triguṇa Lakṣaṇas (Śānti-parva 301)

सक्तमात्मानमीशे च देवे नारायणो तथा । देवं मोक्षे च संसक्त मोक्ष सक्ते तु न क्वचित्‌

saktam ātmānam īśe ca deve nārāyaṇo tathā | devaṁ mokṣe ca saṁsaktaṁ mokṣa-sakte tu na kvacit ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Tự ngã cá thể nương nơi Chúa Tể; Chúa Tể cũng nương nơi Nārāyaṇa. Nārāyaṇa lại được nói là gắn với Mokṣa—Sự Giải Thoát Tối Thượng. Nhưng Mokṣa không nương tựa vào bất cứ điều gì; nó an lập trong chính tự tánh của mình.” Vì thế, lời dạy vạch ra thứ bậc nương tựa từ tự ngã mang thân đến nền tảng vô điều kiện, cho thấy giải thoát là chỗ rốt ráo, tự đầy đủ.

सक्तम्attached, clinging
सक्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसक्त (√सञ्ज्/सज् + क्त)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आत्मानम्the self
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ईशेrules, governs
ईशे:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootईश्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada, Indicative
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
देवेin/with regard to the god
देवे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
नारायणःNārāyaṇa
नारायणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनारायण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाthus, likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
देवम्the god
देवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
मोक्षेin/with regard to liberation
मोक्षे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमोक्ष
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
संसक्तःattached, connected
संसक्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसंसक्त (सम् + √सञ्ज्/सज् + क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मोक्षसक्तेin one attached to mokṣa / in mokṣa-attached (state)
मोक्षसक्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootमोक्षसक्त
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तुbut, however
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
क्वचित्anywhere, ever
क्वचित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootक्वचित्

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Ā
Ātman (jīvātman)
Ī
Īśa (Lord)
D
Deva
N
Nārāyaṇa
M
Mokṣa

Educational Q&A

The verse presents a chain of dependence: the individual self relies on the Lord; the Lord is identified with/grounded in Nārāyaṇa; Nārāyaṇa is connected with Mokṣa (the supreme release). Mokṣa alone is independent—self-established—indicating liberation as the ultimate, unconditioned reality.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma and the highest good. Here he shifts to a metaphysical explanation, describing how all conditioned beings and divine forms ultimately point toward Mokṣa as the final, self-sufficient principle.