Shloka 8

अव्यक्तकालमान-निर्णयः

Measures of Time from the Unmanifest; Creation, Elements, and the Primacy of Mind

Devanagari script

नारुन्तुदः स्यान्न नृशंसवादी न हीनत: परमभ्याददीत । ययास्य वाचा पर उद्विजेत नतां वदेद्रुषतीं पापलोक्याम्‌

Transliteration

nārun-tudaḥ syān na nṛśaṃsa-vādī na hīnataḥ param abhyādadīta | yayāsya vācā para udvijeta na tāṃ vaded ruṣatīṃ pāpa-lokyām ||

Translation

Haṃsa nói: “Chớ làm kẻ đâm đau lòng người khác, chớ nói lời tàn nhẫn. Chớ tiếp nhận giáo pháp cao thượng từ kẻ tâm địa hèn kém. Và chớ thốt ra lời khiến người khác bất an—lời thô bạo, điềm gở, dẫn về các cõi tội lỗi.”

Word by Word

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• अरुन्तुदः: one who wounds (others); a heart-piercer
• अरुन्तुदः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अरुन्तुद
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• स्यात्: should be
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (भू-अर्थे)
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• नृशंसवादी: one who speaks cruelly
• नृशंसवादी: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नृशंसवादिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• हीनतः: from an inferior (person)
• हीनतः: Apadana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हीन
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular

• परम्: the highest (teaching); the supreme
• परम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• अभ्याददीत: should accept/receive
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (आदाने)
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada, अभि,आ

• यया: by which
• यया: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Singular

• अस्य: of him/this person
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• वाचा: by speech/words
• वाचा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाच्
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Singular

• परः: another person
• परः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उद्विजेत: might be agitated/disturbed
• Type: Verb
• Root: विज् (उद्वेगे)
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada, उद्

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• ताम्: that (speech/thing)
• ताम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• वदेत्: should speak
• Type: Verb
• Root: वद्
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• रुषतीम्: angry/irritating
• रुषतीम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रुषत्
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• पापलोक्याम्: leading to a sinful world (hellish); damnable
• पापलोक्याम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पापलोक्य
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

हंस उवाच

Characters & Entities

• हंस (Haṃsa)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Guard speech as a primary instrument of dharma: do not wound others, do not speak cruelly, avoid taking lofty instruction from a morally base source, and refrain from uttering words that cause agitation and lead to sin.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Śānti Parva’s didactic setting, the Haṃsa delivers a compact ethical rule about right conduct, focusing especially on restraint in speech and discernment regarding from whom one receives spiritual instruction.