Shloka 13

अव्यक्तकालमान-निर्णयः

Measures of Time from the Unmanifest; Creation, Elements, and the Primacy of Mind

Devanagari script

वेदस्योपनिषत्‌ सत्यं सत्यस्योपनिषद्‌ दम: । दमस्योपनिषन्मोक्ष एतत्‌ सर्वानुशासनम्‌

Transliteration

vedasyopaniṣat satyaṃ satyasyopaniṣad damaḥ | damasyopaniṣan mokṣa etat sarvānuśāsanam ||

Translation

Thiên nga nói: “Chân thật là tinh túy nội tại của Veda; tự chế (dama) là tinh túy nội tại của chân thật; và giải thoát (mokṣa) là tinh túy nội tại của tự chế. Đó là lời chỉ dạy trọn vẹn của mọi śāstra.”

Word by Word

• वेदस्य: of the Veda
• वेदस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेद
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• उपनिषत्: the Upanishad / inner teaching (essence)
• उपनिषत्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपनिषद्
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• सत्यम्: truth
• सत्यम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत्य
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• सत्यस्य: of truth
• सत्यस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत्य
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• उपनिषत्: the essence / inner teaching
• उपनिषत्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपनिषद्
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• दमः: self-control (sense-restraint)
• दमः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• दमस्य: of self-control
• दमस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: दम
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• उपनिषत्: the essence / inner teaching
• उपनिषत्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपनिषद्
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• मोक्षः: liberation
• मोक्षः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मोक्ष
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• सर्व: entire / all
• सर्व: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• अनुशासनम्: instruction / teaching
• अनुशासनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनुशासन
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

हंस उवाच

Characters & Entities

• हंस (Haṃsa)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

It presents a graded ethical-spiritual chain: the Veda’s true purport is truthfulness; truth is safeguarded and fulfilled by self-restraint (dama); and the culmination of self-restraint is liberation (mokṣa). In short, inner discipline makes truth stable, and that discipline ripens into freedom.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Śānti Parva’s instruction-oriented setting, Haṃsa (the Swan) speaks as a teacher, distilling the vast scriptural tradition into a concise maxim that links study and doctrine to lived virtues—truthful conduct and sense-control—aimed ultimately at mokṣa.