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Shloka 39

Vidyā–Avidyā and the Twenty-Fifth Principle

Sāṃkhya–Yoga Clarification

यथा नदीनदा:ः सर्वे सागरे यान्ति संस्थितिम्‌ | एवमाश्रमिण: सर्वे गृहस्थे यान्ति संस्थितिम्‌,जैसे सम्पूर्ण नदियाँ और नद समुद्रमें जाकर मिलते हैं, उसी प्रकार समस्त आश्रम गृहस्थका ही सहारा लेते हैं

yathā nadīnadāḥ sarve sāgare yānti saṃsthitim | evam āśramiṇaḥ sarve gṛhasthye yānti saṃsthitim ||

Parāśara nói: “Như mọi sông ngòi, suối lạch đều tìm chỗ an trụ khi đổ về biển cả, cũng vậy, mọi āśrama rốt cuộc đều nương tựa và được ổn định nhờ nếp sống gia chủ. Chính người gia chủ nâng đỡ toàn bộ trật tự xã hội và tâm linh, cung cấp nền tảng vật chất lẫn đạo hạnh để các giai đoạn đời sống khác dựa vào.”

यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
नदी-नदाःrivers and streams
नदी-नदाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनदी, नद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सागरेin/into the ocean
सागरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसागर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
यान्तिgo
यान्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootया (गत्यर्थक धातु)
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Plural
संस्थितिम्resting-place/settled state
संस्थितिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंस्थिति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
एवम्thus, in the same way
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
आश्रमिणःthose belonging to the (four) āśramas
आश्रमिणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआश्रमिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
गृहस्थेin/with the householder (āśrama)
गृहस्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगृहस्थ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
यान्तिgo, resort
यान्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootया (गत्यर्थक धातु)
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Plural
संस्थितिम्support/abode/settled state
संस्थितिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंस्थिति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular

पराशर उवाच

P
Parāśara
N
nadī (rivers)
N
nadāḥ (streams)
S
sāgara (ocean)
G
gṛhastha (householder āśrama)
Ā
āśramas (life-stages)

Educational Q&A

All four āśramas are interdependent, but the gṛhastha-āśrama is presented as their practical foundation: it provides sustenance, hospitality, charity, and social continuity, enabling students, forest-dwellers, and renunciants to pursue their disciplines.

In Śānti Parva’s dharma instruction, the sage Parāśara explains the hierarchy and mutual reliance of the life-stages, using the image of rivers merging into the ocean to show that the other āśramas ultimately ‘rest’ upon the householder’s support.