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Shloka 31

Vidyā–Avidyā and the Twenty-Fifth Principle

Sāṃkhya–Yoga Clarification

सुखे तु वर्तमानो वै दुःखे वापि नरोत्तम | सुवृत्ताद्‌ यो न चलते शास्त्रचक्षु;ः स मानव:

sukhe tu vartamāno vai duḥkhe vāpi narottama | suvṛttād yo na calate śāstracakṣuḥ sa mānavaḥ ||

Dù sống trong hạnh phúc hay đối diện khổ đau, hỡi bậc ưu tú giữa loài người, người nào không rời bỏ hạnh kiểm thiện lành—lấy kinh điển làm con mắt soi đường—thì người ấy thật là một con người xứng đáng.

सुखेin happiness
सुखे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
वर्तमानःbeing/remaining (present)
वर्तमानः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवर्तमान
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed/verily
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
दुःखेin sorrow
दुःखे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
नर-उत्तमःthe best of men
नर-उत्तमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनरोत्तम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सुवृत्तात्from good conduct
सुवृत्तात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootसुवृत्त
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
चलतेdeviates/moves
चलते:
TypeVerb
Rootचल्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
शास्त्र-चक्षुःhaving scripture as (his) eye; guided by scripture
शास्त्र-चक्षुः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशास्त्रचक्षुस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मानवःman/person
मानवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमानव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

पराशर उवाच

P
Parāśara
N
narottama

Educational Q&A

A person’s true worth is shown by steadiness in dharma: remaining anchored in good conduct and guided by śāstra, without wavering in either pleasure or pain.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and right living, Parāśara addresses a listener as ‘narottama’ and defines the mark of a genuine human being as unwavering adherence to virtuous conduct, supported by scriptural discernment, regardless of changing circumstances.