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Shloka 2

Vidyā–Avidyā and the Twenty-Fifth Principle

Sāṃkhya–Yoga Clarification

प्रायेण च गृहस्थस्य ममत्वं नाम जायते । सड्जागतं नरश्रेष्ठ भावै राजसतामसै:,नरश्रेष्ठ। गृहस्थ पुरुषको प्रायः राजस और तामस भावोंके संसर्गवश पदार्थ और व्यक्तियोंमें ममता हो जाती है

prāyeṇa ca gṛhasthasya mamatvaṃ nāma jāyate | sañjātaṃ naraśreṣṭha bhāvai rājasa-tāmasaiḥ ||

Parāśara nói: Với người sống đời gia chủ, sự chấp thủ—gọi là “cái của tôi”—thường khởi lên. Hỡi bậc tối thắng trong loài người, một khi đã sinh, nó được nuôi lớn bởi những xung lực của rajas và tamas, khiến người ta bám víu vào của cải và người thân như “của tôi”.

प्रायेणgenerally, for the most part
प्रायेण:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्राय
FormAvyaya (instrumental-usage adverb: 'generally/for the most part')
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormAvyaya (conjunction)
गृहस्थस्यof a householder
गृहस्थस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगृहस्थ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
ममत्वम्possessiveness, sense of 'mine'
ममत्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootममत्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
नामindeed, namely
नाम:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाम
FormAvyaya (particle: 'indeed/namely')
जायतेarises, is born
जायते:
TypeVerb
Rootजन्
FormPresent tense (Lat), Ātmanepada, 3rd person, Singular
सञ्जातम्arisen, produced
सञ्जातम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसञ्जात
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular (past passive participle used adjectivally)
नरश्रेष्ठO best of men
नरश्रेष्ठ:
TypeNoun
Rootनरश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
भावैःby/through states, dispositions
भावैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootभाव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
राजसतामसैःby rajasic and tamasic (qualities)
राजसतामसैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootराजसतामस
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural

पराशर उवाच

P
Parāśara
G
gṛhastha (householder)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that the household life easily gives rise to mamatva—possessive identification with people and things—and that this attachment is strengthened by rajas (passionate striving) and tamas (deluded inertia). Ethical progress therefore requires vigilance and cultivation of sattvic clarity to prevent ‘mine-ness’ from dominating conduct.

Parāśara is instructing a listener addressed as ‘naraśreṣṭha’ about the psychological tendency of householders: living amid family and property commonly triggers possessiveness, which then shapes behavior through rajasic and tamasic dispositions.