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Shloka 19

Akṣara–Kṣara Viveka: Vasiṣṭha–Karāla-Janaka Saṃvāda (अक्षर-क्षर विवेकः)

नवे कपाले सलिल संन्यस्तं हीयते यथा । नवेतरे तथाभावं प्राप्नोति सुखभावितम्‌

nave kapāle salila-saṃnyastaṃ hīyate yathā | navetare tathābhāvaṃ prāpnoti sukha-bhāvitam ||

Parāśara nói: “Như nước đổ vào chiếc vò đất mới nặn, chưa nung chín thì thấm rỉ mà mất; còn nước giữ trong chiếc vò đã nung kỹ thì vẫn nguyên vẹn. Cũng vậy, công đức đem lại an lạc do thiện hạnh tạo ra chỉ bền vững khi được an lập trong nội tâm (tâm và ý) đã thuần thục và thanh tịnh.”

नवेin a new (one)
नवे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootनव
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
कपालेin a pot/earthen vessel
कपाले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकपाल
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
सलिलम्water
सलिलम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसलिल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
संन्यस्तम्placed/kept (having been put)
संन्यस्तम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-नि-√अस् (न्यस्)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
हीयतेdiminishes/is lost
हीयते:
TypeVerb
Root√हा (हायते/हीयते)
FormPresent, Atmanepada (passive-like usage), Third, Singular
यथाas/just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
नवेतरेin the other than new (i.e., in the well-baked/old one)
नवेतरे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootनव + इतर
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तथाso/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
अभावम्non-existence/cessation (loss)
अभावम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअभाव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्राप्नोतिattains/reaches
प्राप्नोति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-√आप्
FormPresent, Parasmaipada, Third, Singular
सुखभावितम्made/imbued with happiness; well-cultivated as happiness
सुखभावितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसुख + भावित (√भू/√भाव् + णिच्, क्त)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)

पराशर उवाच

P
Parāśara
E
earthen pot (kapāla)
W
water (salila)

Educational Q&A

Merit and happiness gained from good actions become stable only when supported by a mature, purified mind; otherwise they ‘leak away’ due to inner impurity, instability, or lack of self-control.

Parāśara instructs through a household metaphor: an unbaked clay pot cannot retain water, but a fired pot can. Likewise, spiritual or ethical gains remain only in a well-formed inner character.