Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 19

Haṃsa–Sādhya Saṃvāda: Satya, Dama, Kṣamā and the Discipline of Speech

स्वयं मृत्पिण्डभूतस्य परतन्त्रस्य सर्वदा । को हेतु: स्वजन पोष्टूं रक्षितुं वादृढात्मन:

svayaṁ mṛtpiṇḍabhūtasya paratantrasya sarvadā | ko hetuḥ svajanaṁ poṣṭuṁ rakṣituṁ vā dṛḍhātmanaḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Khi con người, xét theo thân xác, thật ra chỉ là một nắm đất và luôn lệ thuộc vào những lực ngoài tầm mình, thì kẻ tâm trí không vững ấy lấy gì để nuôi dưỡng và che chở người thân? Lời tự nhận là bậc hộ trì kiên cố chỉ là rỗng không, nếu chưa tự thắng mình.”

स्वयम्oneself
स्वयम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वयम्
मृत्-पिण्ड-भूतस्यof one who has become (is) a lump of clay
मृत्-पिण्ड-भूतस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootमृत् + पिण्ड + भूत
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
परतन्त्रस्यof one dependent on others
परतन्त्रस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरतन्त्र
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
सर्वदाalways
सर्वदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वदा
कःwho?/what?
कः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हेतुःcause/means/ability (ground)
हेतुः:
TypeNoun
Rootहेतु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वजनान्one's own people/kinsmen
स्वजनान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वजन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पोष्टुम्to nourish/support
पोष्टुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootपुष्
FormInfinitive (Tumun)
रक्षितुम्to protect
रक्षितुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष्
FormInfinitive (Tumun)
वाor/and (disjunctive)
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अदृढ-आत्मनःof one whose mind/self is not firm
अदृढ-आत्मनः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअदृढ + आत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
S
svajana (one’s own people/kinsmen)

Educational Q&A

Without inner steadiness and self-mastery, a person cannot truly fulfill the ethical responsibilities of sustaining and protecting dependents; bodily strength and social claims are unreliable when one remains fundamentally dependent and unstable.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and conduct, Bhīṣma challenges the notion that an unsteady person can act as a reliable protector of family and dependents, emphasizing the primacy of inner firmness for righteous leadership.