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Shloka 49

Adhyāya 287 — Janaka’s Inquiry on Śreyas, Abhayadāna, and Asaṅga

Non-attachment

अपनी उन्नति चाहनेवाले साधकको चाहिये कि जिस पापकर्मके संस्कारोंसे युक्त हुआ मनुष्य खाटपर पड़कर दुःख भोगता है, उस कर्मको पहलेसे ही न करे ।।

nārada uvāca |

āpannāṃ unnatiṃ kāṅkṣan sādhako 'yaṃ vicakṣaṇaḥ |

yasya pāpakṛta-saṃskārair yukto martyaḥ śayane patan duḥkhaṃ bhuṅkte, tat karma pūrvam eva na kuryāt ||

yatra rājā ca rājñaś ca puruṣāḥ praty-anantarāḥ |

kuṭumbinām agra-bhujas tyajet tad rāṣṭram ātmavān ||

Nārada nói: Người tu hành mong sự thăng tiến chân thật cho mình phải cẩn trọng, chớ sớm phạm điều ác mà dư ấn của nó về sau trói buộc con người vào khổ đau, khiến phải nằm bất lực trên giường mà chịu đớn. Và ở nơi nào nhà vua cùng kẻ cận thần ăn trước, giành phần trước cả những người chủ gia đình, thì người tự chủ và có nguyên tắc ắt phải rời bỏ vương quốc ấy.

यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
पुरुषाःmen/persons
पुरुषाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रत्यनन्तराःimmediately following; close attendants
प्रत्यनन्तराः:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रत्यनन्तर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कुटम्बिनाम्of householders/family-men
कुटम्बिनाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootकुटम्बिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
अग्रभुजःeating first (before others)
अग्रभुजः:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootअग्रभुज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्यजेत्should abandon
त्यजेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
राष्ट्रम्kingdom/state
राष्ट्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराष्ट्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आत्मवान्self-controlled; wise
आत्मवान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootआत्मवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

नारद उवाच

N
Narada
K
king (rājā)
K
king's close attendants (praty-anantarāḥ)
H
householders (kuṭumbinaḥ)
R
realm/kingdom (rāṣṭra)

Educational Q&A

Avoid wrongdoing before it ripens into unavoidable suffering: actions leave saṃskāras that later mature as pain and helplessness. Ethically, a just polity is one where rulers do not privilege themselves at the expense of householders; if a realm is exploitative, a principled person should not support it and may leave it.

Narada is instructing on dharma in the Shanti Parva, giving moral counsel about personal conduct (avoiding pāpakarma that later yields suffering) and political ethics (condemning a kingdom where the king and his inner circle take first share, signaling injustice toward ordinary householders).