Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 3

जनक–पराशर संवादः — वर्ण-गोत्र-धर्मविचारः

Janaka–Parāśara: Varṇa, Gotra, and Dharma Inquiry

पृथिवी वायुराकाशमापो ज्योतिश्व पठ्चमम्‌ । महाभूतानि भूतानां सर्वेषां प्रभवाप्ययौ,पृथ्वी, वायु, आकाश, जल और तेज--ये पाँच महाभूत समस्त प्राणियोंकी उत्पत्ति और प्रलयके स्थान हैं

pṛthivī vāyur ākāśam āpo jyotiś ca pañcamam | mahābhūtāni bhūtānāṃ sarveṣāṃ prabhavāpyayau ||

Bhīṣma nói: Đất, gió, hư không, nước và lửa là yếu tố thứ năm—đó là năm đại (ngũ đại). Từ chúng, muôn loài sinh khởi, và rốt cuộc cũng tan rã trở về chính chúng. Vì vậy, hiểu nền tảng nguyên tố của sự sống, người trí nên thấy thế gian vận hành theo pháp tắc tự nhiên chứ không theo ý muốn tùy tiện của cá nhân, và nuôi dưỡng sự vững vàng cùng tự chế giữa được và mất.

पृथिवीearth
पृथिवी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
वायुःwind/air
वायुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवायु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आकाशम्space/ether
आकाशम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआकाश
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
आपःwaters
आपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअप्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
ज्योतिःlight/fire
ज्योतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootज्योतिस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पञ्चमम्the fifth
पञ्चमम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्चम
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
महाभूतानिthe great elements
महाभूतानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहाभूत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
भूतानाम्of beings/creatures
भूतानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
सर्वेषाम्of all
सर्वेषाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
प्रभवाप्ययौorigin and dissolution
प्रभवाप्ययौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभव-अप्यय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
P
pṛthivī (earth)
V
vāyu (wind/air)
Ā
ākāśa (space/ether)
Ā
āpaḥ (water)
J
jyotis/tejas (fire/light)
M
mahābhūta (five great elements)
B
bhūta (beings)

Educational Q&A

All embodied life is constituted by the five great elements and returns to them; recognizing this supports detachment, steadiness, and a dharmic outlook grounded in the impermanent nature of material existence.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on principles of right living and knowledge; here he turns to a cosmological explanation, identifying the five elements as the common source and end of all beings.