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Shloka 35

Aśmagīta: Janaka’s Inquiry on Loss, Kāla, and the Limits of Control (अश्मगीता)

नौषधानि न मन्त्राश्न न होमा न पुनर्जपा: | त्रायन्ते मृत्युनोपेतं जरया चापि मानवम्‌

nauṣadhāni na mantrāś ca na homā na punar japāḥ | trāyante mṛtyunopetaṃ jarayā cāpi mānavam ||

Janaka nói: “Không phải thuốc men, cũng không phải thần chú, không phải lễ tế lửa, cũng không phải sự tụng niệm lặp đi lặp lại—có thể thật sự cứu được một con người khi đã bị cái chết chế ngự; và tuổi già cũng vậy.”

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
औषधानिmedicines, herbs
औषधानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootऔषध
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मन्त्राःmantras, sacred formulas
मन्त्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमन्त्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
होमाःoblations, fire-sacrifices
होमाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहोम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पुनःagain, further
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
जपाःmuttered prayers, repetitions (japa)
जपाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्रायन्तेprotect, save
त्रायन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootत्रा (त्रायते)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Ātmanepada
मृत्युनाby death
मृत्युना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
उपेतम्overtaken, approached
उपेतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootउप-इ (उपेत)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जरयाby old age
जरया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootजरा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso, even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
मानवम्a man, human being
मानवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमानव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

जनक उवाच

J
Janaka
M
medicines (auṣadhi)
M
mantras
H
homa (fire-sacrifice)
J
japa (recitation)
D
death (mṛtyu)
O
old age (jarā)

Educational Q&A

That death and old age are inevitable and cannot ultimately be averted by medicine, mantra, ritual sacrifice, or repeated recitation; therefore one should prioritize enduring spiritual aims such as dharma, detachment, and self-knowledge.

King Janaka is speaking in a didactic context within the Śānti Parva, emphasizing the limits of worldly and ritual means when confronted with mortality, thereby steering the listener toward deeper ethical and spiritual reflection.