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Shloka 15

Aśmagīta: Janaka’s Inquiry on Loss, Kāla, and the Limits of Control (अश्मगीता)

न कश्रिज्जात्वतिक्रामेज्जरामृत्यू हि मानव: । अपि सागरपर्यन्तां विजित्येमां वसुन्धराम्‌,कोई भी मनुष्य कभी बुढ़ापे और मौतको लाँघ नहीं सकता। भले ही वह समुद्रपर्यन्त इस सारी पृथ्वीपर विजय पा चुका हो

na kaścid jātvatikrāmej jarāmṛtyū hi mānavaḥ | api sāgaraparyantāṃ vijityemāṃ vasundharām |

Vua Janaka nói: “Không một con người nào có thể vượt qua già và chết. Dẫu có chinh phục trọn cõi đất này đến tận biển bao quanh, sự tất yếu của lão tử vẫn còn nguyên.”

nanot
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
kaścitanyone
kaścit:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootkaścid
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
jātuever, at any time
jātu:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootjātu
atikrāmetmight/should overstep, surpass
atikrāmet:
TypeVerb
Rootati-√kram
Formoptative (vidhiliṅ), 3rd, singular, parasmaipada
jarāold age
jarā:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootjarā
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
mṛtyūdeath (together with old age)
mṛtyū:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootmṛtyu
Formmasculine, accusative, dual
hiindeed, for
hi:
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi
mānavaḥa human being
mānavaḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootmānava
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
apieven if
api:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi
sāgara-paryantāmbounded by the ocean, up to the sea
sāgara-paryantām:
TypeAdjective
Rootsāgara + paryanta
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
vijityahaving conquered
vijitya:
TypeVerb
Rootvi-√ji
Formabsolutive (ktvā), parasmaipada (usage)
imāmthis
imām:
TypePronoun
Rootidam
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
vasu-dharāmthe earth (bearer of wealth)
vasu-dharām:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootvasu + dharā
Formfeminine, accusative, singular

जनक उवाच

J
Janaka
J
jarā (old age)
M
mṛtyu (death)
S
sāgara (ocean)
V
vasundharā (earth)

Educational Q&A

Worldly power and achievement—even universal conquest—cannot defeat the fundamental human conditions of aging and death; therefore one should cultivate detachment and seek what is beyond transient success.

King Janaka is speaking in a didactic context in the Śānti Parva, offering a reflective instruction: he contrasts the height of royal ambition (conquering the earth to the ocean) with the inescapable limits of human life (old age and death).