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Shloka 40

श्रेयो-धर्मकर्मविचारः

Inquiry into Śreyas, Dharma, and Karma

स तत्र संहारविसर्गमेक॑ स्वधर्मजैर्बन्धनै: क्लिश्यमान: । ततः स हारिद्रमुपैति वर्ण संहारविक्षेपशते व्यतीते

sa tatra saṁhāra-visargam ekaṁ svadharma-jair bandhanaiḥ kliśyamānaḥ | tataḥ sa hāridram upaiti varṇaṁ saṁhāra-vikṣepa-śate vyatīte ||

Ở đó, hữu thể mang thân trải qua một chu kỳ duy nhất của tan rã và tái hiện, bị hành hạ bởi những xiềng xích sinh từ chính dharma của mình—những bổn phận và khuynh hướng ràng buộc. Rồi khi một trăm lần luân phiên giữa thu nhiếp và phóng xuất đã trôi qua, nó đạt đến trạng thái ‘vàng nâu’ (tawny).

सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
संहार-विसर्गम्withdrawal and emission (dissolution and creation)
संहार-विसर्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंहार-विसर्ग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एकःalone
एकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वधर्म-जैःborn of one’s own dharma
स्वधर्म-जैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वधर्म-ज
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
बन्धनैःby bonds, fetters
बन्धनैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबन्धन
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
क्लिश्यमानःbeing afflicted, being tormented
क्लिश्यमानः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootक्लिश्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Passive, शानच् (present passive participle)
ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हारिद्रम्yellow (golden)
हारिद्रम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootहारिद्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उपैतिattains, reaches
उपैति:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootउप-इ
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
वर्णम्color, complexion
वर्णम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
संहार-विक्षेप-शतेwhen a hundred (cycles of) dissolution and projection have (occurred)
संहार-विक्षेप-शते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंहार-विक्षेप-शत
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
व्यतीतेwhen (it) has passed, after (it) has elapsed
व्यतीते:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootवि-अति-इ
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle used locatively absolute)

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

Even what is called one’s own dharma can become a binding force when it hardens into attachment and karmic compulsion; the being is carried through repeated cycles of dissolution and re-manifestation until a further qualitative transformation is reached.

Bhīṣma describes a metaphysical process: an individual being, afflicted by bonds arising from its own nature and duties, passes through repeated alternations of cosmic withdrawal (saṁhāra) and projection (visarga/vikṣepa), and after many such cycles attains a distinct ‘hāridra’ state.