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Shloka 9

Yudhiṣṭhira’s Remorse and Vyāsa’s Teaching on Impermanence (Śoka-nivāraṇa)

समेत पार्थिव क्षत्रं वाराणस्यां नदीसुतः । कन्यार्थमाह्नयद्‌ वीरो रथेनैकेन संयुगे

sametaṃ pārthiva-kṣatraṃ vārāṇasyāṃ nadī-sutaḥ | kanyārtham āhnayad vīro rathenaikena saṃyuge ||

Yudhiṣṭhira nói: “Vị anh hùng, con của dòng sông (Bhīṣma), vì các thiếu nữ ấy mà thách đấu tất cả các vua chúa và chiến sĩ tụ hội tại Vārāṇasī—một mình đứng trên một chiến xa. Sức mạnh và ý chí của Người là thế; vậy mà chính Người ta đã khiến phải ngã xuống trong chiến tranh.”

समेतम्assembled, gathered
समेतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसमेत (सम्+इ √इ, क्त)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पार्थिवroyal, of kings
पार्थिव:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपार्थिव
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
क्षत्रम्the Kshatriya host/warrior class
क्षत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वाराणस्याम्in Varanasi
वाराणस्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवाराणसी
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
नदीसुतःthe river-born (Bhishma, son of Ganga)
नदीसुतः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनदी-सुत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कन्यार्थम्for the sake of the maidens (brides)
कन्यार्थम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकन्या-अर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आह्नयत्challenged, called out
आह्नयत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआह्वा (आ+√ह्वा)
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
वीरःthe hero
वीरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवीर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रथेनby/with a chariot
रथेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
एकेनwith a single (one)
एकेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
संयुगेin battle
संयुगे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंयुग
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bhīṣma
G
Gaṅgā
V
Vārāṇasī
K
kanyāḥ (maidens/princesses)
P
pārthivāḥ (kings)
R
ratha (chariot)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical weight of war: even when battle is fought under kṣatriya codes, the slaying of a supremely virtuous and formidable elder like Bhīṣma can leave a righteous person burdened with remorse. It frames heroism and duty alongside accountability and inner moral reckoning.

Yudhiṣṭhira recalls Bhīṣma’s famed exploit at Vārāṇasī—challenging the gathered kings alone on a single chariot for the sake of the princesses—and contrasts that greatness with the tragic outcome of the Kurukṣetra war, where Bhīṣma was brought down, an event Yudhiṣṭhira feels responsible for.