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Shloka 18

Yudhiṣṭhira’s Remorse and Vyāsa’s Teaching on Impermanence (Śoka-nivāraṇa)

सत्यकज्चुकमुन्मुच्य मया स गुरुराहवे । अश्वत्थामा हत इति निरुक्त: कुञ्जरे हते

satyakacukam unmucya mayā sa gurur āhave | aśvatthāmā hata iti niruktaḥ kuñjare hate ||

Ta đã cởi bỏ “tấm áo choàng của chân thật”, rồi giữa chiến địa nói với bậc thầy: “Aśvatthāmā đã bị giết”—kỳ thực là chỉ con voi mang tên Aśvatthāmā vừa bị hạ. Bởi lời ấy, vị đạo sư ngỡ đó là cái chết của con trai mình; niềm xác tín đạo đức của người bị lay động, phơi bày cái giá luân lý nặng nề của chiến thắng bằng lối nói nước đôi.

सत्यकज्चुकम्the truthful/true (outer) garment (cloak)
सत्यकज्चुकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसत्यकज्चुक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उन्मुच्यhaving taken off / having removed
उन्मुच्य:
TypeVerb
Rootउन्मुच्
FormLyap (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), Prior action (having removed/unfastened)
मयाby me
मया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Instrumental, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गुरुःthe teacher (guru)
गुरुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आहवेin battle
आहवे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआहव
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
अश्वत्थामाAshvatthama
अश्वत्थामा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअश्वत्थामन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हतःkilled / slain
हतः:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormKta (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus (quoting)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
निरुक्तःuttered / stated
निरुक्तः:
TypeVerb
Rootनिर्-वच्
FormKta (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
कुञ्जरेin/with regard to the elephant
कुञ्जरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकुञ्जर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
हतेwhen (it was) killed / upon being slain
हते:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormKta (past passive participle), Masculine, Locative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
D
Droṇa (guru)
A
Aśvatthāmā (Droṇa’s son)
A
Aśvatthāmā (elephant)
B
battlefield (āhava)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how even a technically defensible statement can violate dharma when it is intended to mislead. ‘Casting off the coat of truth’ signals a conscious departure from integrity, showing that moral responsibility lies not only in literal wording but also in intention and foreseeable impact.

In the battle context, Yudhiṣṭhira reports ‘Aśvatthāmā is slain’ after the elephant named Aśvatthāmā has been killed. The statement is framed so that Droṇa, thinking it refers to his son Aśvatthāmā, believes his son is dead—an event that undermines his resolve and affects the course of the war.