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Shloka 30

मोक्षोपाय-निर्णयः

Determination of the Means to Liberation

यत्र वै पापकृन्नीचो न महद्‌ दुःखमर्च्छति । वर्धन्ते तत्र पापानि धर्मो हसति च ध्रुवम्‌,जहाँ पाप करनेवाले नीचको महान्‌ दुःख नहीं भोगना पड़ता है, वहाँ निश्चय ही पाप बढ़ता है और धर्मका हास होता है

yatra vai pāpakṛn nīco na mahad duḥkham arcchati | vardhante tatra pāpāni dharmo hasati ca dhruvam ||

Ở nơi kẻ hèn hạ làm điều tội lỗi mà không phải chịu khổ đau lớn, tội ác ắt sinh sôi, và dharma tất bị chế nhạo, suy tàn. Câu kệ cảnh tỉnh rằng khi điều sai trái không bị trừng trị, trật tự đạo lý sụp đổ và thói xấu càng thêm gan lì.

यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र
FormAdverb (relative); locative sense 'where'
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
FormParticle (emphasis)
पापकृत्evil-doer, sinner
पापकृत्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपापकृत्
FormMasculine; nominative singular
नीचःbase, low (person)
नीचः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनीच
FormMasculine; nominative singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormNegation
महत्great
महत्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter; accusative singular (agreeing with दुःखम्)
दुःखम्suffering, pain
दुःखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter; accusative singular
ऋच्छतिattains, meets with
ऋच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootऋच्छ्
FormPresent tense; parasmaipada; 3rd person singular
वर्धन्तेincrease, grow
वर्धन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootवृध्
FormPresent tense; ātmanepada; 3rd person plural
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
FormAdverb (locative) 'there'
पापानिsins, evils
पापानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
FormNeuter; nominative plural
धर्मःdharma, righteousness
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine; nominative singular
हसतिlaughs (i.e., is mocked/declines)
हसति:
TypeVerb
Rootहस्
FormPresent tense; parasmaipada; 3rd person singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormConjunction
ध्रुवम्certainly, surely
ध्रुवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootध्रुव
FormAdverbial accusative (certainty)

हुमत्सेन उवाच

H
Humatsena

Educational Q&A

If wrongdoers do not face serious consequences, wrongdoing spreads and dharma loses authority; justice and accountability are necessary to sustain moral order.

Humatsena states a general principle about society and rule: when a sinful, ignoble person escapes suffering or punishment, it emboldens further sin and causes dharma to be ridiculed and weakened.