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Shloka 13

मोक्षोपाय-निर्णयः

Determination of the Means to Liberation

उद्वेजनेन बन्धेन विरूपकरणेन च । वधदण्डेन ते क्लिश्या न पुरोहितसंसदि

udvejanena bandhena virūpakaraṇena ca | vadhadaṇḍena te kliśyā na purohitasaṃsadi ||

Dyumatsena nói: “Hãy chế ngự những kẻ ấy bằng sự răn đe, bằng giam cầm, hoặc bằng việc làm cho thân thể mang dấu vết dị dạng để ai cũng nhận ra; nhưng chớ hành hạ họ bằng án tử, vì án ấy chỉ gieo khổ đau cho gia quyến. Cũng vậy, dù họ đã nương náu trong hội chúng hay dưới sự che chở của một vị Bà-la-môn tế sư, nhà vua cũng không nên giáng hình phạt xử tử lên họ.”

उद्वेजनेनby intimidation/terrorizing
उद्वेजनेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootउद्वेजन
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
बन्धेनby imprisonment/bondage
बन्धेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबन्ध
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
विरूपकरणेनby disfigurement/making ugly
विरूपकरणेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविरूपकरण
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वधदण्डेनby the punishment of execution/death-penalty
वधदण्डेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवधदण्ड
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
तेyou (pl.)
ते:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Accusative, Plural
क्लिश्याःyou should afflict/torment
क्लिश्याः:
TypeVerb
Rootक्लिश्
FormPresent, Imperative (Vidhi-lin/Loṭ), 2nd, Plural, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पुरोहितसंसदिin the assembly/court of the royal priest
पुरोहितसंसदि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपुरोहितसंसद्
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular

इुमत्सेन उवाच

D
Dyumatsena
K
king (rājā)
P
purohita (royal priest/Brāhmaṇa)

Educational Q&A

The verse advises proportional punishment: use deterrence, confinement, or other non-lethal penalties, but avoid the death penalty because it causes broader, unjust suffering—especially to the offender’s family—and should not be applied even when the offender has sought priestly refuge.

In the Śānti Parva’s discourse on governance and dharma, Dyumatsena instructs on how a king should punish wrongdoing, emphasizing restraint and rejecting capital punishment in this context, including cases involving sanctuary with a Brāhmaṇa priest or in a priestly assembly.