Shloka 44

कपिलगोसंवादे गृहस्थ-त्यागधर्मयोः प्रमाण्यविचारः

Kapila–Cow Dialogue: Authority of Householder and Renunciant Dharmas

Devanagari script

सो<मर्षवशमापन्नस्तुलाधारदिदृक्षया । पृथिवीमचरद्‌ राजन्‌ यत्र सायंगृहो मुनि:

Transliteration

so 'marṣavaśam āpannas tulādhāra-didṛkṣayā | pṛthivīm acarad rājan yatra sāyaṃgṛho muniḥ ||

Translation

Bhīṣma nói: Bị cơn phẫn nộ lấn át, ông lên đường để được gặp Tulādhāra. Tâu đại vương, ông lang thang khắp cõi đất; và nơi nào chiều xuống, nơi ấy vị ẩn sĩ dừng lại làm chỗ trú qua đêm. Đoạn này nhấn mạnh rằng giận dữ có thể đẩy cả người tu khổ hạnh vào cuộc tìm kiếm bất an; song thói quen dừng chân lúc hoàng hôn vẫn biểu lộ sự tự chế và trật tự giữa cơn xao động nội tâm.

Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अमर्ष-वशम्: under the sway of anger/indignation
• अमर्ष-वशम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अमर्ष-वश
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• आपन्नः: having fallen into / having come to
• आपन्नः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: आपद्
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तुलाधारम्: Tulādhāra (proper name)
• तुलाधारम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तुलाधार
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• दिदृक्षया: with the desire to see
• दिदृक्षया: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: दृश्
• Form: इच्छार्थक (desiderative) nominal: दिदृक्षा, Feminine, Instrumental, Singular

• पृथिवीम्: the earth
• पृथिवीम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• अचरत्: wandered / roamed
• अचरत्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: चर्
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• राजन्: O king
• राजन्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• यत्र: where
• यत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यत्र

• सायम्-गृहः: one whose 'home' is at evening (i.e., who stays wherever evening falls)
• सायम्-गृहः: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सायं-गृह
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• मुनिः: the sage
• मुनिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुनि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• Tuladhara
• the sage (muni)
• the king (addressed as rājan)
• Earth (Pṛthivī)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse contrasts inner agitation (being overpowered by indignation) with outer discipline (stopping wherever dusk arrives). It hints that ethical progress requires mastering anger and maintaining regulated conduct even while pursuing instruction.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bhishma narrates that a sage, driven by indignation, sets out to meet/see Tulādhāra. He roams across the earth and each evening lodges wherever nightfall finds him, continuing his journey day by day.