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Shloka 16

चिरकारि-उपाख्यानम् / The Exemplum of Cirakārī: Deliberation Before Irreversible Action

सर्वतः शड़्कते स्तेनो मृगो ग्राममिवेयिवान्‌ । बहुधा5<चरितं पापमन्यत्रैवानुपश्यति

sarvataḥ śaṅkate steno mṛgo grāmam iveyivān | bahudhā caritaṃ pāpam anyatraivānupaśyati ||

Bhīṣma nói: Kẻ trộm luôn nghi kỵ và sợ hãi mọi người, như con nai lạc bước vào làng. Vì đã nhiều lần tự mình làm điều ác, hắn cũng tưởng rằng nơi người khác cũng có cùng tội lỗi ấy.

सर्वतःfrom all sides; everywhere
सर्वतः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वतस्
Formavyaya (direction/extent adverb)
शङ्कतेfears; suspects
शङ्कते:
TypeVerb
Rootशङ्क्
Formpresent (laṭ), 3rd person, singular, parasmaipada
स्तेनःthe thief
स्तेनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्तेन
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
मृगःa deer
मृगः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमृग
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
ग्रामम्the village
ग्रामम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootग्राम
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
इवlike; as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
Formavyaya (simile particle)
एयिवान्having come; having entered
एयिवान्:
TypeVerb
Rootइ (गम्-अर्थे) → एयिवस्/एयिवान् (भूतकृदन्त)
Formperfect active participle (क्वसु), masculine, nominative, singular
बहुधाin many ways; many times
बहुधा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootबहुधा
Formavyaya (manner/frequency adverb)
चरितम्done; practiced; committed
चरितम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootचर्
Formpast passive participle (क्त), neuter, accusative, singular
पापम्sin; evil
पापम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
Formneuter, accusative, singular
अन्यत्रelsewhere; in others
अन्यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअन्यत्र
Formavyaya (locative adverb)
एवindeed; just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
Formavyaya (emphasis)
अनुपश्यतिsees; perceives (in others)
अनुपश्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु + पश्य्
Formpresent (laṭ), 3rd person, singular, parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
T
thief (stena)
D
deer (mṛga)
V
village (grāma)

Educational Q&A

Wrongdoing breeds inner fear and suspicion: one who has repeatedly acted sinfully tends to project that same intent onto others, living in constant apprehension.

In Bhīṣma’s instruction on righteous conduct, he uses a vivid simile: a thief, like a deer trapped in a village, is frightened from every direction, because his own past misdeeds make him expect harm and deceit from others.