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Shloka 42

अहिंसा-प्रधान धर्मविचारः

Ahiṃsā as the Superior Dharma: Practical and Scriptural Reasoning

सभी देवता पुण्य क्षय होनेपर इस लोकमें आकर मरणथधर्मा नामसे विभूषित होते हैं और सभी मरणथधर्मा मनुष्य पुण्यके प्रभावसे मृत्युके पश्चात्‌ देवसंज्ञासे संयुक्त होते हैं। अतः राजसिंह! तुम अपने पुत्रके लिये शोक न करो। तुम्हारा पुत्र स्वर्गलोकमें जाकर आनन्द भोग रहा है ।।

pitāmaha uvāca | sarve devatāḥ puṇya-kṣaye ’smin loke āgatya maraṇa-dharmā nāma-vibhūṣitā bhavanti, sarve ca maraṇa-dharmā manuṣyāḥ puṇya-prabhāvāt mṛtyoḥ paścāt deva-saṃjñayā saṃyuktā bhavanti | ataḥ rāja-siṃha tvaṃ putrasya śokaṃ mā kṛthāḥ | tava putraḥ svarga-lokaṃ gatvā ānandaṃ bhuṅkte || evaṃ mṛtyur deva-sṛṣṭā prajānāṃ prāpte kāle saṃharantī yathāvat | tasyāś caiva vyādhayas te ’śru-pātāḥ prāpte kāle saṃharantīha jantūn ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Khi phước đức của chư thiên đã cạn, họ đến thế gian này và mang danh ‘hữu tử’. Còn con người hữu tử, nhờ sức mạnh của phước đức, sau khi chết lại được gắn với danh xưng ‘chư thiên’. Vì vậy, hỡi sư tử giữa các bậc quân vương, chớ than khóc vì con trai ngươi. Con trai ngươi đã đến cõi trời và đang hưởng lạc. Vả lại, chính Đấng Tạo Hóa đã tạo ra cái chết cho muôn loài; khi thời khắc thích đáng đến, nó thu nhiếp sinh linh theo đúng trật tự. Và những ‘giọt’ của cái chết ấy hóa thành bệnh tật; khi thời đã chín, chúng đưa các loài hữu tình trong thế gian này đến hồi tận số.”

एवम्thus
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
मृत्युःdeath
मृत्युः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
देवसृष्टाcreated by the gods
देवसृष्टा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदेवसृष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रजानाम्of creatures/subjects
प्रजानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
प्राप्तेwhen (it) has come/arrived
प्राप्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राप्त
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
कालेat the time
काले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
संहरन्तीdestroys/withdraws
संहरन्ती:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-हृ
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada, Feminine (agreeing with मृत्युः as personified feminine agent)
यथावत्properly, as it should be
यथावत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथावत्
तस्यof it/of that (death)
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
अश्वाःhorses
अश्वाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
व्याधयःdiseases
व्याधयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्याधि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तेthose/they
ते:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अश्रुपाताःtear-falls; (here) drops/attacks (metaphorically)
अश्रुपाताः:
TypeNoun
Rootअश्रुपात
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्राप्तेwhen (it) has come
प्राप्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राप्त
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
कालेat the time
काले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
संहरन्तिdestroy/withdraw
संहरन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-हृ
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
इहhere (in this world)
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
जन्तून्living beings
जन्तून्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजन्तु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

पितामह उवाच

B
Bhīṣma (Pitāmaha)
D
devas (gods)
H
humans (manuṣyāḥ)
B
Brahmā / the Creator (implied by deva-sṛṣṭā; explicitly in the prose gloss)
S
svarga (heaven)

Educational Q&A

Merit and status are not permanent: gods can become mortal when their merit is spent, and humans can attain divine status through merit. Therefore grief should be tempered by understanding karmic order and the destined time of death, which operates according to a cosmic law.

Bhīṣma addresses a grieving king (rāja-siṃha), urging him not to mourn his son, who has attained heaven. He then explains that death is a divinely ordained principle that withdraws beings at the appointed time, often through the agency of diseases.