Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 39

अहिंसा-प्रधान धर्मविचारः

Ahiṃsā as the Superior Dharma: Practical and Scriptural Reasoning

सर्वे देवा: प्राणिनां प्राणनान्ते गत्वा वृत्ता: संनिवृत्तास्तथैव । एवं सर्वे मानवा: प्राणनान्ते गत्वा वृत्ता देववद्‌ राजसिंह

Pitāmaha uvāca: sarve devāḥ prāṇināṃ prāṇanānte gatvā vṛttāḥ saṃnivṛttās tathaiva | evaṃ sarve mānavāḥ prāṇanānte gatvā vṛttā devavad, rājasimha rājasimha |

Bhīṣma nói: “Đến cuối đời, mọi loài đều ra đi; và như chư thiên rút lui, trở nên bất động khi một kỳ thọ mạng khép lại, thì con người khi chết cũng đi tiếp theo nghiệp của mình. Có kẻ đạt cảnh giới như chư thiên, có kẻ rơi vào nẻo địa ngục. Khi sức lực của nghiệp đã cạn, họ lại trở về thế gian này và thọ sinh lần nữa trong loài người hay các thai sinh khác—cũng như các căn lắng xuống trong giấc ngủ ở cuối lúc thức và hiện lại khi thức dậy.”

सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
देवाःgods
देवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्राणिनाम्of living beings
प्राणिनाम्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootप्राणिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
प्राणनान्तेat the end of life
प्राणनान्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्राणनान्त
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
गत्वाhaving gone
गत्वा:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
वृत्ताःbecome/turned (so)
वृत्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवृत्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)
संनिवृत्ताःwithdrawn/ceased
संनिवृत्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसंनिवृत्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)
तथाthus/so
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
एवम्in this manner
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मानवाःhumans
मानवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमानव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्राणनान्तेat the end of life
प्राणनान्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्राणनान्त
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
गत्वाhaving gone
गत्वा:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
वृत्ताःbecome/turned (so)
वृत्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवृत्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)
देववत्like the gods
देववत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootदेववत्
राजसिंहO lion among kings
राजसिंह:
TypeNoun
Rootराजसिंह
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
राजसिंहO lion among kings
राजसिंह:
TypeNoun
Rootराजसिंह
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

पितामह उवाच

पितामह (Bhīṣma)
देवाः (the gods)
मानवाः (humans)
राजसिंह (royal addressee, likely Yudhiṣṭhira)

Educational Q&A

Death is not an absolute end: beings depart to other realms in accordance with karma—some to divine-like states, some to painful/hellish states—and when the results of those deeds are exhausted, they return to embodied existence. The verse uses the analogy of waking and sleep: just as senses withdraw in sleep and re-emerge on waking, so embodied life withdraws at death and reappears through rebirth.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction section, Bhīṣma (the Grandsire) addresses the king (rājasimha, commonly understood as Yudhiṣṭhira) and explains the moral-causal order governing post-mortem destinies. He frames the teaching as guidance for righteous living and governance by emphasizing that actions inevitably mature into results across lives.