Shloka 9

तुलाधार-उपदेशः

Tulādhāra’s Instruction to Jājali on Ahiṃsā and Abhaya-dāna

Devanagari script

धैर्योपपत्तिवर्यक्तिश्न विसर्ग: कल्पना क्षमा । सदसच्चाशुता चैव मनसो नव वै गुणा:,धैर्य, तर्क-वितर्कमें कुशलता, स्मरण, भ्रान्ति, कल्पना, क्षमा, शुभ एवं अशुभ संकल्प और चंचलता--ये मनके नौ गुण हैं

Transliteration

dhairyopapattir vyaktiś ca visargaḥ kalpanā kṣamā | sadasac cāśutā caiva manaso nava vai guṇāḥ ||

Translation

Bhīṣma nói: Kiên định, lý luận đúng đắn và khả năng phân biệt, lời nói biểu đạt rõ ràng, năng lực buông xả (thả ra), sức tưởng tượng, lòng nhẫn nại, sự hình thành trong tâm những ý hướng lành và dữ, cùng tính hay đổi thay—ấy chính là chín phẩm tính của tâm. Nhờ biết những vận động và năng lực ấy, người ta hiểu tâm nâng đỡ cả đức hạnh lẫn sai lầm ra sao, và kỷ luật có thể dẫn dắt nó hướng về dharma như thế nào.

Word by Word

• धैर्य: steadfastness, patience
• धैर्य: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धैर्य
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• उपपत्ति: reasoning, logical proof
• उपपत्ति: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपपत्ति
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• व्यक्ति: memory/recognition (as mental faculty)
• व्यक्ति: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्यक्ति
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• स्मरण: recollection
• स्मरण: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्मरण
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• विसर्ग: confusion/wandering (mental distraction)
• विसर्ग: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: विसर्ग
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• कल्पना: imagination, fancy
• कल्पना: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कल्पना
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• क्षमा: forbearance, forgiveness
• क्षमा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षमा
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• सत्: good, auspicious
• सत्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सत्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• असत्: bad, inauspicious
• असत्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: असत्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• आशुता: restlessness, quickness (fickleness)
• आशुता: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: आशुता
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एव: indeed, just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• मनसः: of the mind
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनस्
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• नव: nine
• नव: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• वै: indeed, surely
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै

• गुणाः: qualities, attributes
• गुणाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: गुण
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• mind (manas)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse classifies the mind by nine observable capacities—steadfastness, reasoning, expression, release, imagination, forbearance, auspicious and inauspicious intending, and quick fickleness—so that one can recognize how the mind becomes an instrument for dharma or for error and train it accordingly.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on righteous living and inner governance, Bhishma continues his didactic discourse, analyzing the mind’s functions for the listener as part of ethical and spiritual guidance.