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Shloka 15

Dharma-Pramāṇa-Vicāra: The Elusiveness of Dharma and the Limits of Rule-Lists

विदित्वा सप्त सूक्ष्माणि षडड़ं च महेश्वरम्‌ । प्रधानविनियोगज्ञ: परं ब्रह्मानुपश्यति

viditvā sapta sūkṣmāṇi ṣaḍ-aṅgaṁ ca maheśvaram | pradhāna-viniyoga-jñaḥ paraṁ brahmānupaśyati ||

Vyāsa nói: “Ai thật sự thấu hiểu bảy nguyên lý vi tế, lại biết Maheśvara đầy đủ sáu quyền năng, và tinh thông việc phân định cách Pradhāna (Tự Nhiên nguyên thủy) được triển khai thành biểu hiện—nhận ra rằng toàn thể thế gian chỉ là sự biến hóa của Prakṛti do ba guṇa cấu thành—người ấy sẽ trực chứng Thượng Phạm (Brahman tối thượng), bản ngã tối cao.”

विदित्वाhaving known
विदित्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
सप्तseven
सप्त:
TypeAdjective
Rootसप्त
Formtrue
सूक्ष्माणिsubtle (principles)
सूक्ष्माणि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसूक्ष्म
Formneuter, accusative, plural
षट्six
षट्:
TypeAdjective
Rootषट्
Formtrue
अङ्गम्limb; part (here: aṅgas/attributes)
अङ्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअङ्ग
Formneuter, accusative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
महेश्वरम्Maheshvara (the Great Lord)
महेश्वरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमहेश्वर
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
प्रधानof Pradhāna (primordial nature)
प्रधान:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रधान
Formneuter, genitive, singular
विनियोगof application/assignment (deployment)
विनियोग:
TypeNoun
Rootविनियोग
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
ज्ञःknowing; a knower
ज्ञः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootज्ञ
Formक्त (in sense of 'knower', adjectival), masculine, nominative, singular
परम्supreme
परम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
Formneuter, accusative, singular
ब्रह्मBrahman (the Absolute)
ब्रह्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
Formneuter, accusative, singular
अनुपश्यतिbeholds; realizes
अनुपश्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु√पश्
Formलट्, परस्मैपद, third, singular, present

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
M
Maheśvara (Īśvara)
P
Pradhāna
P
Prakṛti
B
Brahman

Educational Q&A

Liberation arises from discriminative knowledge: understanding the subtle constituents of experience (often counted as the five tanmātras along with mind and intellect), recognizing the world as a transformation of three-guṇa Prakṛti, and knowing the Lord (Maheśvara) as the governing principle; such insight culminates in direct realization of the Supreme Brahman.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on peace and liberation, Vyāsa continues a philosophical exposition: he describes the kind of knower—versed in subtle tattvas and in the operation of primordial Nature—who transcends mere theory and attains experiential vision of the highest reality, Brahman.