Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 28

राजधर्मः—राष्ट्ररक्षणं, दण्डनीतिः, हयग्रीवोपाख्यानम्

Royal Duty: Protection, Penal Policy, and the Hayagrīva Exemplum

'प्रिय मित्र! स्त्री अथवा पुत्रोंका थोड़ा-सा भी अप्रिय कर दो, फिर स्वयं समझ जाओगे कि कौन किस हेतुसे किस तरह किसके साथ कितना सम्बन्ध रखता है? ।। ये च मूढतमा लोके ये च बुद्धेः परं गता: । त एव सुखमेधन्ते मध्यम: क्लिश्यते जन:,'संसारमें जो अत्यन्त मूर्ख हैं, अथवा जो बुद्धिसे परे पहुँच गये हैं, वे ही सुखी होते हैं; बीचवाले लोग कष्ट ही उठाते हैं!

priya mitra! strī athavā putrāṇāṁ thoḍā-sā api apriyaṁ kṛtvā punaḥ svayaṁ jñāsyasi—kaḥ kasya hetoḥ kathaṁ kasya saha kiyad-sambandhaṁ dhārayati? ye ca mūḍhatamā loke ye ca buddheḥ paraṁ gatāḥ, ta eva sukham edhante, madhyamaḥ kliśyate janaḥ.

Vyāsa nói: “Bạn hiền! Hãy làm cho vợ hoặc các con trai phật ý dù chỉ một chút, rồi tự khắc ngươi sẽ hiểu: ai còn gắn bó với ai, theo cách nào, đến mức nào—và vì động cơ gì. Ở đời này, chỉ kẻ ngu muội tột cùng, hoặc bậc đã vượt khỏi tầm trí tuệ thường tình, mới thật sự nở rộ trong hạnh phúc; còn người ở bậc trung thì chính là kẻ chịu khổ.”

येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मूढतमा:most deluded / extremely foolish
मूढतमा::
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमूढतम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
लोकेin the world
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
बुद्धेःfrom intellect / beyond intellect
बुद्धेः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Ablative, Singular
परम्beyond / further
परम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
गता:gone / having reached
गता::
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural, active sense (gone)
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
एवalone / indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
सुखम्happiness
सुखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एधन्तेprosper / thrive
एधन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootएध्
FormLat (present), Atmanepada, Third, Plural
मध्यमःthe middling one / average person
मध्यमः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमध्यम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्लिश्यतेsuffers / is afflicted
क्लिश्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootक्लिश्
FormLat (present), Atmanepada, Third, Singular
जनःperson / people (man)
जनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
M
mitra (addressed friend)
S
strī (wife/woman)
P
putrāḥ (sons/children)
L
loka (the world)

Educational Q&A

Vyāsa highlights that many relationships are tested by even minor displeasure, revealing hidden motives and conditional attachment. He then contrasts three types: the utterly deluded (who do not reflect and thus feel little inner conflict), the truly transcendent (who have gone beyond ordinary intellect and are inwardly free), and the ‘middle’ person who is neither ignorant nor liberated—therefore caught in anxiety, calculation, and suffering.

In the didactic setting of the Śānti Parva, Vyāsa addresses a listener as “dear friend” and offers a practical observation about social and familial bonds: create a small friction with wife or sons and the real texture of relationships becomes evident. He uses this as a springboard for a broader reflection on why different temperaments experience happiness or distress in worldly life.