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Shloka 22

राजधर्मः—राष्ट्ररक्षणं, दण्डनीतिः, हयग्रीवोपाख्यानम्

Royal Duty: Protection, Penal Policy, and the Hayagrīva Exemplum

दुःखमेवास्ति न सुखं तस्मात्‌ तदुपलभ्यते । तृष्णार्तिप्रभवं दुःखं दुःखार्तिप्रभवं सुखम्‌

duḥkham evāsti na sukhaṃ tasmāt tad upalabhyate | tṛṣṇārtiprabhavaṃ duḥkhaṃ duḥkhārtiprabhavaṃ sukham ||

Vyāsa nói: “Trong cõi thế gian chỉ có khổ, không có hạnh phúc chân thật; vì vậy điều thực sự gặp phải là khổ. Khổ sinh từ nỗi đau do ái dục; và cái được gọi là ‘vui’ sinh từ nỗi đau của khổ—khi đã bị khổ não hành hạ, chỉ riêng sự vắng mặt của khổ ấy cũng được cảm nhận như hạnh phúc.”

दुःखम्sorrow, suffering
दुःखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एवonly, indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अस्तिis, exists
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent Indicative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सुखम्happiness, pleasure
सुखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तस्मात्therefore, from that
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतस्मात् (तद्)
तत्that (i.e., that sorrow)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उपलभ्यतेis obtained, is experienced
उपलभ्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-लभ्
FormPresent Indicative, Third, Singular, Atmanepada (Passive)
तृष्णाby craving, by thirst (desire)
तृष्णा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतृष्णा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
आर्तिby pain, distress
आर्ति:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootआर्ति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
प्रभवम्arising from, originating in
प्रभवम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रभव
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दुःखम्sorrow
दुःखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दुःखby sorrow
दुःख:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
आर्तिby distress
आर्ति:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootआर्ति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
प्रभवम्arising from
प्रभवम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रभव
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सुखम्happiness
सुखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa

Educational Q&A

The verse argues that in saṃsāra what people call ‘happiness’ is mostly relief: craving (tṛṣṇā) produces distress and suffering, and when suffering subsides one mistakes that cessation for happiness. Ethically, it points toward reducing craving and cultivating detachment as a path to steadier well-being.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on peace and right living after the war, Vyāsa delivers a reflective teaching on the nature of worldly experience, analyzing why beings repeatedly encounter suffering and why ordinary happiness is often only the temporary easing of pain.