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Shloka 15

Bhūta-guṇa-saṃkhyāna

Enumeration of the Properties of the Elements and Cognitive Faculties

जो दुष्कर्मपरायण और अशुद्ध अन्तःकरणवाले हैं, वे अज्ञानी पुरुष अन्यायपूर्वक मनोवाञ्छित विषयोंमें विचरनेवाली इन्ट्रियोंद्वारा आत्माका दर्शन नहीं कर सकते ।।

ye duṣkarmaparāyaṇā aśuddhāntaḥkaraṇā ajñāninaḥ puruṣā anyāyapūrvakaṃ manovāñchitaviṣayeṣu vicarantībhir indriyaiḥ ātmadarśanaṃ na śaknuvanti | teṣāṃ tu manasā raśmīn yadā samyak niyacchati | tadā prakāśate 'syātmā dīpadīptā yathākṛtiḥ ||

Những kẻ chuyên tâm làm điều ác, nội tâm ô uế và thiếu trí phân biệt chân chính thì không thể thấy Chân Ngã qua các giác quan vốn lang thang bất chính giữa những đối tượng ham muốn. Nhưng khi con người dùng tâm mà nắm chặt dây cương của các giác quan, chế ngự chúng đúng phép, thì Chân Ngã hiển lộ trong ánh sáng của tri thức—như hình dạng của một vật hiện rõ dưới ngọn đèn.

तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine/neuter, genitive, plural
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
मनसाby the mind
मनसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
Formneuter, instrumental, singular
रश्मीन्reins/cords (rays metaphorically)
रश्मीन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरश्मि
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
यदाwhen
यदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
सम्यक्properly/completely
सम्यक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्यक्
नियच्छतिrestrains/controls
नियच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootयम् (नियम्)
Formpresent, third, singular, parasmaipada
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
प्रकाशतेshines forth/is revealed
प्रकाशते:
TypeVerb
Rootकाश् (प्रकाश्)
Formpresent, third, singular, ātmanepada
अस्यof this (person)
अस्य:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
Formmasculine/neuter, genitive, singular
आत्माthe Self
आत्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
दीपदीप्ताillumined by a lamp
दीपदीप्ता:
TypeAdjective
Rootदीप-दीप्त (दीप्/दीप्य्)
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
यथाas/just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
आकृतिःform/shape
आकृतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआकृति
Formfeminine, nominative, singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
Ā
Ātman (Self)
M
manas (mind)
I
indriyāṇi (senses)
D
dīpa (lamp)

Educational Q&A

Self-realization is blocked by immoral conduct and inner impurity; when the mind restrains the senses like reins controlling horses, the Self becomes clearly manifest, as an object is seen by lamplight.

Vyāsa is instructing on the conditions for perceiving the Ātman: he contrasts the unrestrained, desire-driven life that cannot yield inner vision with disciplined control of the senses that reveals the Self through the light of knowledge.