Shloka 20

सूक्ष्मभूत-भूतात्मविज्ञानम्

Knowing the subtle principle and the bhūtātman through yoga

Devanagari script

अहिंसक: सम: सत्यो धृतिमान्‌ नियतेन्द्रिय: । शरण्य: सर्वभूतानां गतिमाप्रोत्यनुत्तमाम्‌

Transliteration

ahiṁsakaḥ samaḥ satyo dhṛtimān niyatendriyaḥ | śaraṇyaḥ sarvabhūtānāṁ gatim āpnoty anuttamām ||

Translation

Vyāsa nói: Người bất bạo hại, tâm bình đẳng, nói lời chân thật, kiên định, tự chế các căn, và làm chỗ nương tựa cho mọi loài hữu tình—người ấy đạt đến cảnh giới tối thượng, vô song.

Word by Word

• अहिंसकः: non-violent (one who does not harm)
• अहिंसकः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अहिंसक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• समः: equanimous, impartial
• समः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सत्यः: truthful
• सत्यः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• धृतिमान्: steadfast, possessing fortitude
• धृतिमान्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धृतिमत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• नियत-इन्द्रियः: self-controlled, with restrained senses
• नियत-इन्द्रियः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नियत (प्रातिपदिक) + इन्द्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शरण्यः: a refuge-giver; worthy of being sought for refuge
• शरण्यः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शरण्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सर्व-भूतानाम्: of all beings
• सर्व-भूतानाम्: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक) + भूत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• गतिम्: goal, state, course (of existence)
• गतिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• आप्नोति: attains
• Type: Verb
• Root: आप् (धातु)
• Form: Present, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• अनुत्तमाम्: unsurpassed, supreme
• अनुत्तमाम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनुत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse teaches that the highest spiritual attainment comes from a cluster of dharmic virtues: non-violence, equanimity, truthfulness, steadfast courage, sense-control, and being a protective refuge for all beings.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Vyāsa states a normative ideal of conduct—describing the qualities of a righteous person and the फल (result): attaining the unsurpassed ‘gati’ (highest state).