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Shloka 21

महाभूत–इन्द्रिय–मनस्–बुद्धि–अन्तरात्मा विवेकः | Discrimination of Elements, Senses, Mind, Intellect, and Inner Self

तात! जिनकी तपस्या उग्र है, जिन्होंने धर्मकी निपुणताको देखा और अनुभव किया है, उन ऋषियोंके यायावर नामक गण भी वानप्रस्थी हैं, जिन्हें धर्मके फलका प्रत्यक्ष अनुभव है। वे तथा और भी असंख्य वनवासी ब्राह्मण, बालखिल्य और सैकत नामवाले दूसरे मुनि भी वैखानस (वानप्रस्थ) धर्मका पालन करनेवाले हैं ।।

tāta! yeṣāṁ tapasya ugrā, ye dharmasya nipuṇatāṁ dṛṣṭvā anubhūtavantaḥ, teṣāṁ ṛṣīṇāṁ yāyāvara-nāmaka-gaṇā api vānaprasthinaḥ, ye dharma-phalasya pratyakṣānubhava-yuktāḥ. te ca anye’pi asaṅkhyeyā vana-vāsinaḥ brāhmaṇāḥ, bālakhilyāḥ, saikata-nāmānaś ca anye munayaḥ api vaikhānasa (vānaprastha) dharmaṁ pālayanti. karmabhis te nirānandā dharma-nityā jitendriyāḥ; gatāḥ pratyakṣa-dharmāṇas te sarve vanam āśritāḥ.

Vyāsa nói: “Hỡi con yêu, những bậc hiền triết có khổ hạnh nghiêm khắc—đã thấy và tự thân chứng nghiệm sự tinh diệu của dharma—trong hàng vānaprastha (người ở rừng) cũng có cả các đoàn Yāyāvara, vì họ trực tiếp kinh nghiệm quả báo của dharma. Cùng với họ là vô số brāhmaṇa sống trong rừng, các Bālakhilya, và những ẩn sĩ khác gọi là Saikata nữa—tất cả đều giữ kỷ luật Vaikhānasa của đời sống vānaprastha. Nhờ các hành trì được quy định, họ không còn vui thú thế tục, luôn bền chí trong dharma, tự chế các căn; khiến dharma trở thành điều ‘được thấy tận mắt’, và hết thảy đều nương náu nơi rừng.”

कर्मभिःby (their) actions
कर्मभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
निरानन्दाःfree from (worldly) pleasure; joyless (in sense of detached)
निरानन्दाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिरानन्द
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
धर्मनित्याःever devoted to dharma
धर्मनित्याः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मनित्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
जितेन्द्रियाःhaving conquered the senses
जितेन्द्रियाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootजितेन्द्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
गताःgone; having gone
गताः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPerfective (Past participle), Plural, Masculine
प्रत्यक्षधर्माणःfor whom dharma is directly perceived/experienced
प्रत्यक्षधर्माणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रत्यक्षधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वनम्the forest
वनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आश्रिताःhaving resorted to; dwelling in
आश्रिताः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआ-श्रि
FormPerfective (Past participle), Plural, Masculine

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
Y
Yāyāvaras
V
Vānaprasthas
V
Vaikhānasas
F
forest-dwelling Brahmins
B
Bālakhilya sages
S
Saikata sages

Educational Q&A

Dharma is not merely theoretical: the highest ascetics embody it through disciplined practice, sense-control, and detachment, making its ‘fruit’ directly experienced. The vānaprastha/vaikhānasa path is presented as a lived ethical training grounded in austerity and restraint.

Vyāsa describes various classes of sages—Yāyāvaras, Bālakhilyas, Saikatas, and many forest-dwelling Brahmins—who have taken to the forest and follow the vānaprastha (Vaikhānasa) discipline, characterized by steady dharma, conquered senses, and freedom from worldly pleasures.