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Shloka 1

Adhyāya 240: Indriya–Manas–Buddhi–Ātman — The Inner Hierarchy and Restraint (इन्द्रिय-मनस्-बुद्धि-आत्म-क्रमः)

है अर छा | अ-क्रा - अन्तःकरणमें जो ज्ञानशक्ति है

vyāsa uvāca | pṛcchatas tava satputra yathāvad iha tattvataḥ | sāṅkhyajñānena saṃyuktaṃ yad etat kīrtitaṃ mayā ||

Vyāsa nói: “Hỡi người con cao quý, theo điều con đã hỏi, ta đã trình bày ở đây một cách đúng đắn và theo nguyên tắc về chân lý của vấn đề. Những điều ta nói gắn liền với tri kiến Sāṅkhya (tuệ giác phân biệt), đặt nền tảng cho sự truy cầu giải thoát cao thượng hơn.”

व्यासःVyasa
व्यासः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्यास
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
पृच्छतःof (you) asking / of the questioner
पृच्छतः:
TypeVerb
Rootपृच्छ्
FormPresent active participle, Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
तवyour
तव:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
सत्पुत्रO good son
सत्पुत्र:
TypeNoun
Rootसत् + पुत्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
यथावत्properly, as it should be
यथावत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथावत्
इहhere
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
तत्त्वतःin truth, essentially
तत्त्वतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्त्व
FormAblative used adverbially (-तः)
सांख्यज्ञानेनwith Sāṅkhya knowledge
सांख्यज्ञानेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसांख्यज्ञान
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
संयुक्तम्connected, joined
संयुक्तम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम् + युज्
FormPast passive participle, Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
यत्which
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
एतत्this
एतत्:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
कीर्तितम्described, proclaimed
कीर्तितम्:
TypeVerb
Rootकीर्त्
FormPast passive participle, Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
मयाby me
मया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormInstrumental, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
Ś
Śuka

Educational Q&A

Vyāsa frames his reply as a truthful, methodical exposition grounded in Sāṅkhya—discriminative knowledge that analyzes reality—serving as the philosophical basis for the yogic pursuit of the Supreme and liberation.

Śuka has asked a question, and Vyāsa begins his response by clarifying that his explanation is a principled account of the topic and that it belongs to the domain of Sāṅkhya-knowledge, preparing the listener for the ensuing teaching on realization.