Shloka 8

Adhyātma-krama: Indriya–Manas–Buddhi–Ātman Hierarchy and Citta-Prasāda (आध्यात्मक्रमः)

Devanagari script

अपृथग्दर्शना: सर्वे ऋक्सामसु यजु:षु च । कामद्वेषौ पृथक्‌ कृत्वा तप: कृत उपासते

Transliteration

apṛthagdarśanāḥ sarve ṛksāmasu yajuḥṣu ca | kāmadveṣau pṛthak kṛtvā tapaḥ kṛta upāsate ||

Translation

Vyāsa nói: Trong thời Chân Thật, mọi bậc “hai lần sinh” đều nhìn truyền thống Ṛg, Sāma và Yajus mà không chia rẽ theo bè phái. Gạt bỏ dục vọng và sân ghét, họ nương nơi khổ hạnh và sống trong kỷ luật tu trì—cho thấy nền tảng của dharma là sự thanh lọc nội tâm, chứ không phải sự tranh chấp giữa các học phái.

Word by Word

• अपृथग्दर्शनाः: having non-separate vision (non-discriminating)
• अपृथग्दर्शनाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अपृथग्दर्शन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ऋक्सामसु: in the Ṛk and Sāman (Vedas)
• ऋक्सामसु: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋक्सामन्
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Plural

• यजुःषु: in the Yajus (Yajurveda)
• यजुःषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: यजुस्
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• कामद्वेषौ: desire and hatred
• कामद्वेषौ: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कामद्वेष
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Dual

• पृथक्: separately; apart (i.e., setting aside)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पृथक्

• कृत्वा: having done; having made (having set aside)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)

• तपः: austerity; penance
• तपः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• कृत: done; performed
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• उपासते: they practice; they resort to; they worship/attend upon
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप-आस्
• Form: Lat (present), Ātmanepada, Third, Plural, Active (Ātmanepada)

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa
• Kṛta Yuga (Satya Yuga)
• Dvija (twice-born)
• Ṛgveda
• Sāmaveda
• Yajurveda

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

True dharma begins with inner discipline: abandoning desire and aversion and practicing tapas. The verse also teaches non-sectarian respect for the Vedas—seeing Ṛg, Sāma, and Yajus as not essentially opposed.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vyāsa describes the conduct of people in the Kṛta (Satya) Yuga: the dvijas did not quarrel over Vedic divisions and instead focused on self-purification through austerity and spiritual practice.