Shloka 4

Āśrama-dharma and Brahmacarya: Śuka’s Inquiry on Karma and Tyāga (शुक-प्रश्नः कर्मत्यागविवेकश्च)

Devanagari script

आचार्येणाभ्यनुज्ञातश्चतुर्णामेकमा श्रमम्‌ । आविमोक्षाच्छरीरस्य सोडवतिछेद्‌ यथाविधि,तदनन्तर आचार्यकी आज्ञा लेकर चारों आश्रमोंमेंसे किसी एक आश्रममें शास्त्रोक्त विधिके अनुसार जीवनपर्यन्त रहे (अथवा क्रमश: सभी आश्रमोंमें प्रवेश करे)

Transliteration

ācāryeṇābhyanujñātaś caturṇām ekam āśramam | āvimokṣāc charīrasya soḍavatīcched yathāvidhi ||

Translation

Vyāsa nói: Khi đã được thầy cho phép, người ấy nên bước vào một trong bốn āśrama (bốn nếp sống), và theo đúng quy tắc của kinh điển mà sống trọn trong kỷ luật ấy cho đến khi thân này được đặt xuống lần cuối—(hoặc, cũng có thể lần lượt đi qua cả bốn āśrama theo thứ tự thích đáng).

Word by Word

• आचार्येण: by the teacher
• आचार्येण: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: आचार्य
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• अभ्यनुज्ञातः: permitted/authorized
• अभ्यनुज्ञातः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अभि-अनु-ज्ञा
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• चतुर्णाम्: of the four
• चतुर्णाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चतुर्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• एकम्: one
• एकम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एक
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• आश्रमम्: stage of life (āśrama)
• आश्रमम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: आश्रम
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• आ: up to; until
• आ: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ

• विमोक्षात्: until release
• विमोक्षात्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: विमोक्ष
• Form: Masculine, Ablative, Singular

• शरीरस्य: of the body
• शरीरस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शरीर
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• षोडवति: in the sixteenth (year/age)
• षोडवति: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: षोडवत्
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• छेत्: should cut off/should sever
• छेत्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: छिद्
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular

• यथा: as; according to
• यथा: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा

• विधि: rule; prescribed procedure
• विधि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: विधि
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa
• ācārya (teacher/preceptor)
• catur-āśrama (the four āśramas)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Dharma is to be lived through a regulated life-stage (āśrama) chosen with the preceptor’s sanction, and followed faithfully according to śāstra—either remaining in one āśrama for life or progressing through the traditional sequence.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vyāsa is laying down a normative rule of conduct: after receiving the ācārya’s approval, a person adopts an āśrama-based way of life and maintains it in scripturally prescribed fashion until death (or moves step-by-step through the āśramas).