Shloka 33

Āśrama-dharma and Brahmacarya: Śuka’s Inquiry on Karma and Tyāga (शुक-प्रश्नः कर्मत्यागविवेकश्च)

Devanagari script

नाम्ना च झ्ुतिमान्‌ नाम शाल्वराज: प्रतापवान्‌ | दत्त्वा राज्यमूचीकाय गतो लोकाननुत्तमान्‌,प्रतापी शाल्वराज द्युतिमानने ऋचीकको राज्य देकर परम उत्तम लोक प्राप्त किये थे

Transliteration

nāmnā ca dyutimān nāma śālvarājaḥ pratāpavān | dattvā rājyam ṛcīkāya gato lokān anuttamān ||

Translation

Vyāsa nói: Có một vị vua hùng mạnh của xứ Śālva, danh tiếng lẫy lừng, tên là Dyutimān. Sau khi trao lại vương quyền cho Ṛcīka, ông rời đi và đạt đến những cõi giới vô thượng.

Word by Word

• नाम्ना: by name
• नाम्ना: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: नामन्
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• द्युतिमान्: splendid, radiant
• द्युतिमान्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्युतिमत्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• नाम: name (namely)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नामन्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• शाल्वराजः: the king of the Śālvas
• शाल्वराजः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शाल्वराज
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• प्रतापवान्: mighty, valorous
• प्रतापवान्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रतापवत्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• दत्त्वा: having given
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)

• राज्यम्: kingdom
• राज्यम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: राज्य
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• ऊचीकाय: to Ūcīka
• ऊचीकाय: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऊचीक
• Form: Masculine, Dative, Singular

• गतः: gone, departed
• गतः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम्
• Form: क्त (past passive participle used actively), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• लोकान्: worlds, realms
• लोकान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोक
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• अनुत्तमान्: unsurpassed, most excellent
• अनुत्तमान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनुत्तम
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa
• Dyutimān
• Śālvarāja (King of Śālva)
• Śālva
• Ṛcīka
• anuttamā lokāḥ (unsurpassed worlds)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse upholds the dharmic model of rulership: a king who relinquishes sovereignty properly—by gifting the kingdom to a worthy successor rather than clinging to power—earns spiritual merit and attains higher realms.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vyāsa recounts an exemplar: Dyutimān, the powerful king of Śālva, hands over his kingdom to Ṛcīka and then departs, ultimately reaching the highest worlds.