Shloka 30

Āśrama-dharma and Brahmacarya: Śuka’s Inquiry on Karma and Tyāga (शुक-प्रश्नः कर्मत्यागविवेकश्च)

Devanagari script

राजा मित्रसहश्चापि वसिष्ठाय महात्मने । मदयन्तीं प्रियां दत्ता तया सह दिव॑ गत:,राजा मित्रसहने महात्मा वसिष्ठको अपनी प्यारी रानी मदयन्ती देकर उसके साथ ही स्वर्गलोकमें पदार्पण किया था

Transliteration

rājā mitrasahaścāpi vasiṣṭhāya mahātmane | madayantīṁ priyāṁ dattā tayā saha divaṁ gataḥ ||

Translation

Vyāsa nói: Vua Mitrasaha cũng vậy; sau khi hiến dâng người vợ yêu dấu Madayantī cho bậc đại hồn Vasiṣṭha, nhà vua đã cùng nàng rời cõi trần mà lên thiên giới.

Word by Word

• राजा: the king
• राजा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• मित्रसहः: Mitrasa(h)a (proper name)
• मित्रसहः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मित्रसह
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अपि: also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• वसिष्ठाय: to Vasiṣṭha
• वसिष्ठाय: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: वसिष्ठ
• Form: Masculine, Dative, Singular

• महात्मने: to the great-souled (sage)
• महात्मने: Sampradana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महात्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Dative, Singular

• मदयन्तीम्: Madayantī (proper name)
• मदयन्तीम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मदयन्ती
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• प्रियाम्: beloved
• प्रियाम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रिया
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• दत्तः: having given / given
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)

• तया: with her
• तया: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Singular

• सह: together with
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह

• दिवम्: to heaven
• दिवम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव्
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• गतः: went / departed
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past active participle usage)

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa
• Mitrasaha
• Vasiṣṭha
• Madayantī
• Svarga (heaven)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights dharma as superior to personal desire: a king is expected to uphold righteous obligation and honor the claims of a venerable sage, even when it demands painful sacrifice. Such adherence to dharma is presented as leading to spiritual merit and heavenly attainment.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vyāsa recounts that King Mitrasaha gave his beloved queen Madayantī to the sage Vasiṣṭha and then attained heaven together with her. The statement functions as an illustrative precedent within the Śānti Parva’s ethical discourse.