Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 33

Yoga-kṛtya (योककृत्य) — Vyāsa on Sense-Restraint, Obstacles, and Brahman-Realization

अपृथग्धर्मिणो मर्त्या ऋक्‍सामानि यजूंषि च | काम्या इष्टी: पृथग्‌ दृष्टया तपोभिस्तप एव च,सत्ययुगमें अद्दैत-धर्ममें निष्ठा रखनेवाले मनुष्य ऋग्वेद, सामवेद और यजुर्वेद तथा सकाम इष्टियोंको ज्ञानरूप तपस्यासे भिन्न देखकर उन सबको छोड़ केवल ज्ञानरूप तपस्यामें ही संलग्न होते हैं

apṛthagdharmiṇo martyā ṛk-sāmāni yajūṃṣi ca | kāmyā iṣṭīḥ pṛthag dṛṣṭyā tapobhis tapa eva ca ||

Vyāsa nói: Trong thời Satya Yuga, những người phàm an trú trong cái thấy bất nhị (advaita) về dharma không xem Ṛg, Sāma, Yajur Veda và các tế lễ cầu dục như những cứu cánh riêng rẽ, độc lập. Thấy chúng khác với khổ hạnh của tri kiến, họ gác lại các việc nghi lễ ấy và chỉ chuyên tâm vào khổ hạnh của trí tuệ—con đường hướng đến giải thoát chứ không phải lợi lộc thế gian.

अपृथग्धर्मिणःadhering to non-dual (non-separate) dharma
अपृथग्धर्मिणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअपृथग्धर्मिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मर्त्याःmortals, men
मर्त्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमर्त्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ऋक्the Ṛg (hymn/Ṛgveda)
ऋक्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootऋच्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
सामानिSāman chants (Sāmaveda)
सामानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसामन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
यजूंषिYajus formulas (Yajurveda)
यजूंषि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयजुस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
काम्याःdesire-motivated, for specific wishes
काम्याः:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकाम्य
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
इष्टयःsacrificial rites/offerings
इष्टयः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootइष्टि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
पृथक्separately, as distinct
पृथक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपृथक्
दृष्ट्याby (their) view/understanding
दृष्ट्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदृष्टि
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
तपोभिःby austerities (as means)
तपोभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
तपःausterity/penance
तपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एवalone, indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
S
Satya Yuga
Ṛgveda
S
Sāmaveda
Y
Yajurveda
K
kāmya iṣṭi (desire-motivated sacrifices)

Educational Q&A

The verse contrasts desire-driven ritualism with knowledge-based austerity: those grounded in non-dual dharma recognize that Vedic recitations and result-seeking sacrifices are not the final goal, and they prioritize jñāna-tapas—disciplined insight aimed at liberation.

Vyāsa is describing an idealized Satya Yuga orientation: people devoted to advaita-dharma distinguish between ritual means (Vedic hymns and kāmya sacrifices) and the higher pursuit (knowledge-austerity), and they choose the latter as their primary practice.