Shloka 79

योग–सांख्यसमन्वयः, रथोपमा, व्यक्त–अव्यक्तविवेकः

Yoga–Sāṃkhya Synthesis, Chariot Allegory, and the Vyakta–Avyakta Distinction

Devanagari script

कृतघ्ना नास्तिका: पापा गुरुदाराभिमर्शिन:

Transliteration

kṛtaghnā nāstikāḥ pāpā gurudārābhimarśinaḥ

Translation

Śakra nói: “Kẻ vô ơn, kẻ phủ nhận chân lý thiêng liêng, kẻ tội lỗi, và kẻ xâm phạm sự thanh khiết của vợ thầy—những người như thế bị luật đạo đức kết án.”

Word by Word

• कृतघ्नाः: ungrateful (those who repay good with harm)
• कृतघ्नाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृतघ्न
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• नास्तिकाः: atheists/deniers (of dharma/afterlife/authority)
• नास्तिकाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: नास्तिक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• पापाः: sinful, wicked
• पापाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पाप
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• गुरुदाराभिमर्शिनः: those who violate/touch the wife of the guru (seducers of the teacher’s wife)
• गुरुदाराभिमर्शिनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: गुरुदाराभिमर्शिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

शक्र उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Śakra (Indra)
• guru (teacher/preceptor)
• guru’s wife (gurudārāḥ)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse identifies grave moral failings—ingratitude, denial of dharma, general sinfulness, and especially violating the guru’s household—as behaviors that place a person outside righteous conduct and invite condemnation and adverse consequences.

What is happening in the narrative?

Indra (Śakra), speaking within the Shanti Parva’s ethical-discursive setting, lists categories of people marked by serious adharma, emphasizing social and spiritual boundaries—particularly the inviolability of the teacher’s family—as part of moral instruction.