Shloka 783

योग–सांख्यसमन्वयः, रथोपमा, व्यक्त–अव्यक्तविवेकः

Yoga–Sāṃkhya Synthesis, Chariot Allegory, and the Vyakta–Avyakta Distinction

Devanagari script

दृष्टवा द्वेषात्‌ प्राहसन्त सुहृत्सम्भाविता हापि | जिन्हें हितेषी और मित्र समझा जाता था

Transliteration

dṛṣṭvā dveṣāt prāhasanta suhṛt-sambhāvitā api |

Translation

Śakra (Indra) nói: Ngay cả những kẻ được xem là người thiện chí và bạn bè, khi thấy của cải của một người thân bị tiêu tan—do lửa thiêu, do trộm cướp, hay do vua tịch thu—cũng vì lòng ganh ghét mà cười nhạo. Câu kệ vạch rõ rằng đố kỵ có thể làm mục ruỗng tình nghĩa, biến cái gọi là bằng hữu thành sự tàn nhẫn đúng vào lúc người khác gặp mất mát.

Word by Word

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• दृष्ट्वा: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), parasmaipada (usage), non-finite

• द्वेषात्: out of hatred
• द्वेषात्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वेष
• Form: masculine, ablative, singular

• प्राहसन्: they laughed / mocked
• प्राहसन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + हस्
• Form: imperfect (लङ्), 3rd, plural, parasmaipada

• सुहृत्-सम्भाविताः: regarded/considered as friends
• सुहृत्-सम्भाविताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुहृत् + सम्भावित (सम् + भू + णिच् + क्त)
• Form: masculine, nominative, plural

• अपि: even / also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

Speaker

शक्र उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Śakra (Indra)
• suhṛt (friends/well-wishers)
• kinsman/relative (implied by context)
• wealth/property (implied by context)
• king (rājā, in the contextual gloss)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse warns that envy (dveṣa) can make even reputed friends rejoice in another’s downfall. Ethical conduct requires compassion and restraint, especially when someone suffers loss; true friendship is tested in adversity, not prosperity.

What is happening in the narrative?

Śakra (Indra) is describing a common moral failing: when a person’s wealth is destroyed or taken away, people who were thought to be allies may deride him out of spite. The statement functions as a reflective observation on society and character.