Shloka 20

योग–सांख्यसमन्वयः, रथोपमा, व्यक्त–अव्यक्तविवेकः

Yoga–Sāṃkhya Synthesis, Chariot Allegory, and the Vyakta–Avyakta Distinction

Devanagari script

श्रीझ्वाच पुण्येषु त्रिषु लोकेषु सर्वे स्थावरजड्रमा: । ममात्मभावमिच्छन्तो यतन्ते परमात्मना

Transliteration

śakra uvāca | śrīr uvāca puṇyeṣu triṣu lokeṣu sarve sthāvarajaṅgamāḥ | mamātmabhāvam icchanto yatante paramātmanā ||

Translation

Śrī (Lakṣmī) đáp: “Hỡi Indra, trong ba cõi đầy công đức, mọi loài—cả bất động lẫn hữu động—đều gắng sức với ý chí nội tâm cao nhất, khát cầu đạt đến chính trạng thái của ta (sự hiện diện và ân phúc của ta).”

Word by Word

• श्रीः: Śrī (Lakṣmī)
• श्रीः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्री (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said/spoke
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• पुण्येषु: in the meritorious (realms)
• पुण्येषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुण्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural

• त्रिषु: in three
• त्रिषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective (Numeral)
• Root: त्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural

• लोकेषु: worlds
• लोकेषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Plural

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• स्थावर-जङ्गमाः: immobile and mobile beings
• स्थावर-जङ्गमाः: Karta
• Type: Noun (collective)
• Root: स्थावर (प्रातिपदिक) + जङ्गम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• मम: of me / my
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Genitive, Singular

• आत्म-भावम्: my state/nature (as self)
• आत्म-भावम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक) + भाव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• इच्छन्तः: desiring
• इच्छन्तः: Karta
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: इष् (धातु)
• Form: Present active (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• यतन्ते: strive/endeavor
• Type: Verb
• Root: यत् (धातु)
• Form: Present (लट्), 3rd, Plural, Ātmanepada

• परम्: supreme; greatly
• परम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• आत्मना: with the self; by oneself
• आत्मना: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

Speaker

शक्र उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Śakra (Indra)
• Śrī (Lakṣmī)
• three worlds (trailokya)
• sthāvara beings
• jaṅgama beings
• Paramātman (Supreme Self)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Fortune (Śrī/Lakṣmī) is portrayed as a sought-after state: all beings strive to attain it, and true attainment is linked to sustained effort and an inner alignment with the highest principle (Paramātman), not mere chance.

What is happening in the narrative?

In a dialogue where Indra (Śakra) is addressed, Śrī (Lakṣmī) explains her universal desirability: across the three worlds, every kind of being—immobile and mobile—endeavors intensely to obtain her presence and condition.