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Shloka 13

ब्राह्मणस्य पूर्वतरा वृत्तिः — The Earlier Ideal Conduct of a Brahmana

River-of-Saṃsāra Metaphor

दूष्टवा तमविकारस्थं तिष्ठन्तं निर्भयं बलिम्‌ | अधिरूवढो द्विपश्रेष्ठमित्युवाच शतक्रतु:,उन्हें निर्भय और निर्विकार होकर खड़ा देख श्रेष्ठ गजराजपर चढ़े हुए शतक्रतु इन्द्रने उनसे इस प्रकार कहा--

dṛṣṭvā tam avikārasthaṁ tiṣṭhantaṁ nirbhayaṁ balim | adhirūḍho dvipaśreṣṭham ity uvāca śatakratuḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: Thấy Bali đứng vững—không sợ hãi, tâm không dao động—Śatakratu (Indra), cưỡi trên con voi thượng hạng, đã cất lời với ông như sau. Cảnh ấy làm nổi bật sự căng thẳng đạo lý giữa quyền lực vương giả và sự chính trực kiên định: vẻ điềm nhiên của Bali biểu lộ sự tự chủ nội tâm, còn bước tiến của Indra phản ánh uy quyền cõi trời đang đối diện một tác nhân đạo đức bất khuất.

दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अविकारस्थम्standing in unchangeableness/steadfast
अविकारस्थम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअविकार-स्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तिष्ठन्तम्standing
तिष्ठन्तम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
निर्भयम्fearless
निर्भयम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्भय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
बलिम्Bali (proper name)
बलिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबलि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अधिरूढःmounted (having mounted)
अधिरूढः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअधि-रुह्
Formक्त (past passive participle, used adjectivally), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
द्विपश्रेष्ठम्the best of elephants
द्विपश्रेष्ठम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्विप-श्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
शतक्रतुःŚatakratu (Indra; 'of a hundred rites')
शतक्रतुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशतक्रतु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
Bali
Ś
Śatakratu (Indra)
D
dvipaśreṣṭha (the best elephant; Airāvata implied)

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds inner steadiness as an ethical strength: Bali’s fearlessness and unperturbed mind suggest self-mastery and principled resolve, even when confronted by higher power. It implies that true dignity in dharma is shown by composure and firmness, not by outward dominance.

Bhīṣma narrates a moment where Indra (Śatakratu), riding the best of elephants, sees Bali standing fearless and unmoved, and then begins to speak to him. The verse sets the stage for a consequential dialogue between a celestial ruler and a steadfast king.