Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 14

कालनिर्णयः, युगधर्मवर्णनम्, सृष्टिक्रमश्च

Time-Reckoning, Yuga-Dharma, and the Sequence of Creation

हतं हन्ति हतो होव यो नरो हन्ति कठ्चन । उभौ तौ न विजानीतो यश्न हन्ति हतश्ष यः

hataṃ hanti hato hova yo naro hanti kaścana | ubhau tau na vijānīto yaś ca hanti hataś ca yaḥ ||

Śakra nói: “Kẻ giết người khác, kỳ thực chính là kẻ đã ‘bị giết’ từ trước—hắn chỉ đánh vào cái đã bị giết. Cả kẻ giết lẫn người bị giết đều không hiểu về ātman; bởi ātman chẳng phải là kẻ hành động, cũng chẳng phải là đối tượng của hành vi sát hại.”

हतम्the slain (one)
हतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootहन् (धातु) → हत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
हन्तिkills
हन्ति:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
हतःthe slain (one)
हतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहन् (धातु) → हत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
indeed
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उवso/said (quotative particle)
उव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउव (इति निपातः; उवाच-आदेशरूपः)
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नरःa man
नरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हन्तिkills
हन्ति:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
कश्चनsomeone/anyone
कश्चन:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootक (प्रश्न/अनिश्चित) + चन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उभौboth
उभौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
तौthose two
तौ:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विजानीतःknow/understand
विजानीतः:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootवि + ज्ञा
FormPresent, 3rd, Dual, Ātmanepada
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हन्तिkills
हन्ति:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
हतस्यof the slain
हतस्य:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootहन् (धातु) → हत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

श॒क्र उवाच

Ś
Śakra (Indra)
Ā
ātman (Self)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that violence is rooted in ignorance of the ātman: the Self is not truly killed and is not the true doer of killing. Therefore, both the killer and the killed are described as lacking Self-knowledge, and the ethical thrust is to turn from harm toward insight and restraint.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and liberation, Śakra (Indra) delivers a reflective teaching that reframes killing through the lens of the imperishable Self, emphasizing that ordinary notions of slayer and slain arise from misunderstanding.