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Shloka 23

बलीन्द्रसंवादः — Kāla, Anityatā, and the Limits of Agency

Mahābhārata 12.217

परप्रत्ययसर्गे तु नियतिननिवर्तते । भावान्तप्रभवप्रज्ञा आसते ये विपर्ययम्‌

para-pratyaya-sarge tu niyatiḥ na nivartate | bhāvānta-prabhava-prajñā āsate ye viparyayam ||

Bhishma nói: Trong dòng hiện hữu được định hình bởi sự nương tựa vào “cái khác” (những chỗ dựa và quan niệm bên ngoài), số mệnh không quay đầu. Nhưng những ai có tuệ giác sinh từ sự chuyển hóa của hữu thể—những người an lập trong tri kiến chân thật—không còn ở trong trạng thái trái nghịch ấy; còn kẻ trú trong tình trạng đối nghịch, vô minh chưa dứt, vẫn bị nghiệp phần đã định thúc đẩy và xoay vần trong vòng sinh tử.

परin/with regard to another (i.e., external)
पर:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
प्रत्ययcognition; conviction; knowledge
प्रत्यय:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रत्यय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सर्गेin creation; in the course of manifestation
सर्गे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्ग
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तुbut; however
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यतिःthe ascetic; the restrained one
यतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
निवर्ततेturns back; returns; desists
निवर्तते:
TypeVerb
Rootनिवृत्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
भावान्तfrom another state/condition
भावान्त:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootभावान्त
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
प्रभवfrom arising; from origin
प्रभव:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभव
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
प्रज्ञाःinsights; wisdoms; intelligences
प्रज्ञाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रज्ञा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
आसतेsit; remain; abide
आसते:
TypeVerb
Rootआस्
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Atmanepada
येwho; those who
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विपर्ययम्error; inversion; contrary state
विपर्ययम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविपर्यय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Bhishma contrasts two conditions: those grounded in external, mistaken reliance remain bound to niyati (often understood as prārabdha-driven worldly momentum), while those whose wisdom arises from an inner transformation (true knowledge) are not held in the contrary state of error and are effectively free from bondage to the cycle of birth and death.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma and liberation, Bhishma teaches Yudhishthira about the difference between the ignorant person who continues under the compulsion of fate and samsara, and the knower whose awakened insight breaks the binding force of karmic continuity.