Shloka 17
बलीन्द्रसंवादः — Kāla, Anityatā, and the Limits of Agency
Mahābhārata 12.217
ब्रह्मचर्यमहिंसा च शारीरं तप उच्यते । वाड्मनोनियम: सम्यड्मानसं तप उच्यते,ब्रह्मचर्थय और अहिंसाको शारीरिक तप कहते हैं। मन और वाणीका भलीभाँति किया हुआ संयम मानसिक तप कहलाता है
bhīṣma uvāca | brahmacaryam ahiṃsā ca śārīraṃ tapa ucyate | vāṅmanoniyamaḥ samyak mānasaṃ tapa ucyate |
Bhishma nói: Phạm hạnh (brahmacarya) và bất bạo hại (ahimsa) được gọi là khổ hạnh của thân. Sự chế ngự đúng mực lời nói và tâm ý được gọi là khổ hạnh của tâm.
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Tapas is primarily ethical self-discipline: bodily austerity is defined as brahmacarya (continence) and ahiṃsā (non-violence), while mental austerity is defined as proper restraint of speech and mind.
In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhīṣma is teaching Yudhiṣṭhira about the nature of austerity, distinguishing bodily tapas from mental tapas and grounding both in restraint and non-harm.