Shloka 19

इन्द्र–बलि संवादः

The Dialogue of Indra and Bali on Fortune, Humility, and Restraint

Devanagari script

ब्रह्म तत्‌ परमं ज्ञानममृतं ज्योतिरक्षरम्‌ । ये विदुर्भावितात्मानस्ते यान्ति परमां गतिम्‌

Transliteration

brahma tat paramaṁ jñānam amṛtaṁ jyotir akṣaram | ye vidur bhāvitātmānas te yānti paramāṁ gatim ||

Translation

Bhīṣma nói: Brahman ấy là tri thức tối thượng—bất tử, tự chiếu sáng và bất hoại. Những bậc đại hồn có nội tâm đã được thanh lọc và rèn luyện, và thực sự biết Ngài, sẽ đạt đến cứu cánh tối cao.

Word by Word

• ब्रह्म: Brahman (the Absolute)
• ब्रह्म: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• परमम्: supreme
• परमम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• ज्ञानम्: knowledge
• ज्ञानम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्ञान
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• अमृतम्: immortality; nectar
• अमृतम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अमृत
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• ज्योतिः: light; radiance
• ज्योतिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्योतिस्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• अक्षरम्: imperishable
• अक्षरम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अक्षर
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• ये: those who
• ये: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• विदुः: know
• Type: Verb
• Root: विद्
• Form: Perfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• भावितात्मानः: self-disciplined; purified in mind
• भावितात्मानः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भावितात्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ते: they
• ते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• यान्ति: go; attain
• Type: Verb
• Root: या
• Form: Present (Laṭ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• परमाम्: supreme
• परमाम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• गतिम्: goal; state; destination
• गतिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गति
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Brahman
• Bhishma

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Brahman is described as the imperishable, self-luminous, deathless reality that is identical with supreme spiritual knowledge; those who purify and discipline the inner self and realize Brahman attain the highest end (paramā gati), i.e., liberation.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Shanti Parva’s post-war instruction, Bhishma continues teaching Yudhishthira about the highest dharma: moving from external duties toward inner purification and realization of Brahman as the ultimate goal.