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Shloka 16

Adhyāya 214: Tapas Redefined—Perpetual Discipline, Hospitality, and the Ethics of Eating (तपः-निरूपणम्, विघसाशी-अतिथिप्रिय-धर्मः)

वातपित्तकफाद्‌ रक्त त्वड्मांसं स्नायुमस्थि च । मज्जां देहं शिराजालैस्तर्पयन्ति रसा नृणाम्‌

vāta-pitta-kaphād raktaṁ tvag-māṁsaṁ snāyum asthi ca | majjāṁ dehaṁ śirā-jālaiḥ tarpayanti rasā nṛṇām ||

Bhīṣma giảng rằng: tinh chất dưỡng nuôi (rasa) do thức ăn tạo thành, khi đã vào thân, lưu chuyển qua mạng lưới các kinh mạch và nuôi dưỡng các thể dịch sinh lực—gió (vāta), mật (pitta), đờm (kapha)—cùng với máu, da, thịt, gân, xương, tủy; nhờ đó nâng đỡ và làm mạnh toàn thân. Lời dạy nhấn mạnh rằng sự nuôi dưỡng có kỷ luật là nền tảng cho sự vững chãi trong đời sống và trong dharma.

वातwind-humor (vāta)
वात:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवात
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पित्तbile-humor (pitta)
पित्त:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपित्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कफात्from phlegm-humor (kapha)
कफात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकफ
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
रक्तम्blood
रक्तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरक्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
त्वक्skin
त्वक्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootत्वच्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
मांसम्flesh
मांसम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमांस
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
स्नायुम्sinew/ligament
स्नायुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्नायु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अस्थिbone
अस्थि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअस्थि
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मज्जाम्marrow
मज्जाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमज्जा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
देहम्body
देहम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदेह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
शिराजालैःby networks of veins
शिराजालैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशिराजाल
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
तर्पयन्तिthey nourish/satiate
तर्पयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootतृप्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
रसाःnutritive juices/chyle
रसाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरस
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नृणाम्of men/of humans
नृणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनृ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
V
vāta
P
pitta
K
kapha
R
rakta
T
tvac
M
māṁsa
S
snāyu
A
asthi
M
majjā
D
deha
Ś
śirā-jāla
R
rasa

Educational Q&A

Food, when properly digested, becomes rasa—the nourishing essence—which circulates through bodily channels and sustains all tissues and humors. Ethical living (dharma) is supported by bodily steadiness, so disciplined nourishment is presented as a practical foundation for self-control and right conduct.

In Bhishma’s instruction during the Shanti Parva, he describes how nourishment works within the body: the essence of food spreads through a network of vessels and strengthens the humors and bodily constituents, thereby sustaining the whole person.