Shloka 15

Vimokṣa-niścaya: Pañcaśikha’s Analysis of Aggregates, Guṇas, and Tyāga (मोक्षनिर्णयः)

Devanagari script

सत्यशौचार्जवत्यागैर्वर्चसा विक्रमेण च | क्षान्त्या धृत्या च बुद्धथा च मनसा तपसैव च

Transliteration

satyaśaucārjavattyāgair varcasā vikrameṇa ca | kṣāntyā dhṛtyā ca buddhayā ca manasā tapasāiva ca ||

Translation

Bhīṣma nói: “Nhờ chân thật, thanh tịnh, ngay thẳng và bố thí; nhờ quang huy của đạo và dũng lực; lại nhờ nhẫn nhục, kiên định, chánh trí, tâm được điều phục và khổ hạnh—(con người được tăng trưởng sức mạnh và trở nên xứng hợp với thiện ích tối thượng).”

Word by Word

• सत्य: with truth
• सत्य: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत्य
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• शौच: with purity/cleanliness
• शौच: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शौच
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• आर्जव: with straightforwardness
• आर्जव: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: आर्जव
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• त्यागैः: with renunciations/giving up
• त्यागैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्याग
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• वर्चसा: with splendor/energy
• वर्चसा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्चस्
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• विक्रमेण: with valor/stride
• विक्रमेण: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: विक्रम
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• क्षान्त्या: with forbearance
• क्षान्त्या: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षान्ति
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Singular

• धृत्या: with steadfastness
• धृत्या: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: धृति
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• बुद्ध्या: with intellect
• बुद्ध्या: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: बुद्धि
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• मनसा: with mind
• मनसा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनस्
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• तपसा: with austerity
• तपसा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस्
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• एव: indeed/only
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Bhīṣma lists the foundational virtues that build moral and spiritual strength: truth, purity, sincerity, generosity/renunciation, inner radiance, courage, patience, steadfastness, discernment, mental discipline, and austerity.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma after the war. Here he continues a didactic sequence, enumerating qualities that constitute righteous conduct and inner excellence.