Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 12

Vyaktāvyakta-Viveka and Nivṛtti as Paramā Gati

Manifest–Unmanifest Discrimination and the Supreme Path of Withdrawal

वैश्यो वैश्यैस्तथा श्राव्य: शूद्र: शूद्रैमहामना: । माहात्म्यं देवदेवस्य विष्णोरमिततेजस:

vaiśyo vaiśyais tathā śrāvyaḥ śūdraḥ śūdrair mahāmanāḥ | māhātmyaṃ devadevasya viṣṇor amitatejasaḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Một vaiśya nên được chỉ dạy bởi các vaiśya, và một śūdra có tâm cao thượng nên được chỉ dạy bởi các śūdra. Như vậy, sự vĩ đại của Viṣṇu—Đấng Thần của chư thần, rực rỡ vô lượng—phải được thuật lại.”

वैश्यःa Vaishya (man of the Vaishya class)
वैश्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैश्यैःby/through Vaishyas
वैश्यैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
तथाlikewise/so
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
श्राव्यःto be made to hear / to be recited (to someone)
श्राव्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootश्राव्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शूद्रःa Shudra
शूद्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शूद्रैःby/through Shudras
शूद्रैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
महामनाःgreat-minded, noble-souled
महामनाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहामनस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
माहात्म्यम्greatness, glory
माहात्म्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमाहात्म्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
देवदेवस्यof the God of gods
देवदेवस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootदेवदेव
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
विष्णोःof Vishnu
विष्णोः:
TypeNoun
Rootविष्णु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अमिततेजसःof (him) of immeasurable splendor
अमिततेजसः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअमिततेजस्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
V
Viṣṇu
V
Vaiśya
Ś
Śūdra

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that the transmission of religious instruction—specifically the recitation of Viṣṇu’s māhātmya (glory)—should follow socially appropriate channels (within one’s varṇa/community), reflecting the Mahābhārata’s concern for maintaining dharma as ordered conduct while promoting devotion to the supreme deity.

Bhīṣma, in his extended instruction during the Śānti Parva, lays down a rule about who should teach whom, and frames it around the telling of Viṣṇu’s greatness. It functions as a prescriptive guideline within his broader discourse on righteous conduct and religious practice.