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Shloka 12

Yoga, Nārāyaṇa as Supreme Principle, and the Emanation of Categories

Sāṅkhya-Yoga Outline

मृगैर्मुगाणां ग्रहणं पक्षिणां पक्षिभियर्यथा । गजानां च गजैरेव ज्ञेयं ज्ञानेन गृहते

mṛgair mṛgāṇāṃ grahaṇaṃ pakṣiṇāṃ pakṣibhir yathā | gajānāṃ ca gajair eva jñeyaṃ jñānena gṛhyate ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Như nai bị bắt bởi nai, chim bị bắt bởi chim, và voi bị bắt bởi voi, thì điều cần biết cũng chỉ được nắm bắt bằng tri thức. Không mục đích nào thành tựu nếu không dùng phương tiện thích hợp; chỉ khí cụ đúng đắn mới đem lại kết quả mong cầu.”

मृगैःby deer
मृगैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमृग
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
मुगाणाम्of the muga-deer (a kind of deer)
मुगाणाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमुग
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
ग्रहणम्seizing/capturing
ग्रहणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootग्रहण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पक्षिणाम्of birds
पक्षिणाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपक्षिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
पक्षिभिःby birds
पक्षिभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपक्षिन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
गजानाम्of elephants
गजानाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगज
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
गजैःby elephants
गजैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगज
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
ज्ञेयम्the knowable (object)
ज्ञेयम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootज्ञेय
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
ज्ञानेनby knowledge
ज्ञानेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञान
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
गृह्यतेis grasped/apprehended
गृह्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootग्रह्
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
M
mṛga (deer)
P
pakṣin (bird)
G
gaja (elephant)
J
jñāna (knowledge)
J
jñeya (knowable object)

Educational Q&A

A goal is achieved only through an appropriate means: just as specific creatures are best caught using their own kind as bait or instrument, the knowable is apprehended only through knowledge. The verse stresses fitness of method (upāya-yogyatā) and the primacy of jñāna for understanding.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on righteous conduct and effective governance. Here he uses vivid analogies from hunting and capture to illustrate a general principle: success—especially in understanding and in practical affairs—depends on choosing the right instrument or method.